Table 1.
Participant demographic information and performance on standardized tests, subdivided by group and language status.
| Participant Characteristics | TD (n = 43) | ASD-All (n = 28) | ASD-LN (n =17) | ASD-LI />(n =11) | p values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.6(1.1) | 10.8(1.3) | 10.9(1.5) | 10.6(1.0) | TD<ASD (.51) ASD-LN>ASD-LI (.66) |
| Range | 9.0-13.0 | 8.9-13.5 | 9.0-13.5 | 8.9-12.0 | |
| Maternal education in years (SES) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 17.3(3.0) | 16.1(3.1) | 16.5(3.4) | 15.6(2.5) | TD>ASD (.10) |
|
Range |
11-24 | 12-24 | 12-24 | 12-19 | ASD-LN>ASD-LI (.44) |
| Nonverbal Cognition (WISC-IV) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 109.8(12.2) | 108.5(14.2) | 113.8(14.6) | 100.3(9.0) | TD>ASD (.67) |
| Range | 88-137 | 86-137 | 88-137 | 86-115 | ASD-LN>ASD-LI* |
| Social Comm. (SCQ) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.8(3.8) | 18.9(6.6) | 18.3(7.5) | 19.7(5.2) | TD<ASD*** ASD-LN<ASD-LI (.58) |
| Range | 0-16 | 4-35 | 4-35 | 15-29 | |
| Core Language (CELF-4) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 110.0(12.5) | 86.9(21.6) | 101.9(10.7) | 63.7(10.3) | TD>ASD*** ASD-LN>ASD-LI*** |
| Range | 87-134 | 42-129 | 87-129 | 42-76 | |
| Sex (count) | 21 M 22 F |
24 M 4 F |
15 M 2 F |
9 M 2 F |
TD<ASD*** ASD-LN>ASD-LI (.67) |
Note. SES = socioeconomic status; WISC-IV = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition; SCQ = Social Communication Questionnaire (lower scores indicate better performance); CELF-4 = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition. Standard scores were used for the WISC-IV, CELF-4, and SCQ. ASD LI = autism spectrum disorder, language impairment; scored < 81.25 on CELF-4 Core language standard score (-1.25 SD); ASD LN = autism spectrum disorder, language normal; scored > 81.25 on CELF-4 Core language standard score.
*
Group difference at p < .05.
**
Group difference at p < .01.
***
Group difference at p < .001