Table 2.
Participants’ descriptive data for the Tower of London (ToL) measure, subdivided according to outcome measure, condition, group, and subgroup.
| Condition | ToL Measure | TD (n =43) | ASD (n =28) | ASD-LN (n =17) | ASD-LI (n =11) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Secondary Task | Number of Moves | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.6(2.4) | 4.5(1.7) | 4.6(2.1) | 4.3(0.6) | |
| Range | 4-20 | 4-20 | 4-20 | 4-7 | |
| Planning Time | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.2(3.5) | 4.0(2.2) | 3.8(1.9) | 4.2(2.5) | |
| Range | 1.6-23.3 | 1.0-13.3 | 1.0-12.2 | 1.5-13.3 | |
| Execution Time | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 8.9(8.6) | 8.4(6.5) | 8.6(8.2) | 8.0(2.0) | |
| Range | 3.1-65.2 | 3.5-70.2 | 3.5-70.2 | 4.9-16.5 | |
| Articulatory Suppression Secondary Task | Number of Moves | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.5(3.5) | 5.8(3.9) | 6.1(4.0) | 5.5(3.7) | |
| Range | 4-20 | 4-20 | 4-20 | 4-20 | |
| Planning Time | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.4(2.4) | 3.7(1.8) | 3.7(2.0) | 3.7(1.4) | |
| Range | 1.2-15.5 | 1.2-12.6 | 1.2-12.6 | 1.8-7.8 | |
| Execution Time | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 11.7(9.9) | 12.0(11.3) | 12.4(11.6) | 11.2(11.0) | |
| Range | 3.7-59.8 | 3.6-61.1 | 3.6-57.0 | 4.3-61.1 | |
| Motor Suppression Secondary Task | Number of Moves | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.3(3.1) | 5.4(3.1) | 5.4(2.7) | 5.3(3.6) | |
| Range | 4-20 | 4-20 | 4-17 | 4-20 | |
| Planning Time | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.3(3.2) | 4.5(2.5) | 4.8(2.3) | 4.0(2.7) | |
| Range | 0.7-19.9 | 1.5-17.6 | 1.5-15.2 | 1.5-17.6 | |
| Execution Time | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 14.3(11.4) | 13.9(10.7) | 14.2(10.6) | 13.5(10.9) | |
| Range | 4.1-69.5 | 5.3-62.35 | 5.3-52.4 | 5.3-62.4 |
Note. TD = typically developing; ASD = Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD-LN = Autism Spectrum Disorder normal language; ASD-LI = Autism Spectrum Disorder language impairment.