Table 2.

Results of subgroup analysis in diagnostic meta-analysis.

Subgroups	Number of studies	SEN (95% CI)	SPE (95% CI)	DLR+ (95% CI)	DLR- (95% CI)	DOR (95% CI)	AUC
Ethnicity
Caucasian	28	0.85 (0.77–0.91)	0.85 (0.79–0.89)	5.5 (3.8–7.9)	0.18 (0.11–0.29)	31(15–65)	0.91
Asian	22	0.82 (0.75–0.87)	0.78 (0.70–0.84)	3.7 (2.5–5.4)	0.24 (0.16–0.35)	16 (8–32)	0.87
Sample type
Plasma	43	0.82 (0.77–0.87)	0.80 (0.74–0.84)	4.1 (3.1–5.3)	0.22 (0.16–0.30)	18 (11–31)	0.88
Serum	7	0.86 (0.70–0.94)	0.89 (0.78–0.95)	7.8 (3.5–17.5)	0.16 (0.07–0.39)	48 (10–242)	0.94
Type of exosome content
Protein	39	0.83 (0.78–0.88)	0.81 (0.75–0.85)	4.3 (3.2–5.7)	0.21 (0.15–0.29)	21 (12–36)	0.89
miRNA	11	0.82 (0.68–0.91)	0.85 (0.75–0.91)	5.4 (2.9–9.9)	0.22 (0.11–0.43)	25 (7–83)	0.90
Type of dementia
AD	33	0.87 (0.81–0.91)	0.85 (0.80–0.89)	5.9 (4.2–8.1)	0.16 (0.11–0.23)	37 (20–71)	0.92
MCI	17	0.73 (0.65–0.80)	0.71 (0.63–0.79)	2.6 (1.9–3.4)	0.38 0.28–0.51)	7 (4–12)	0.78
Patient size
<50	27	0.81 (0.73–0.87)	0.83 (0.76–0.88)	4.7 (3.3–6.7)	0.23 (0.15–0.34)	21 (11–40)	0.89
>50	23	0.84 (0.78–0.89)	0.80 (0.73–0.86)	4.3 (2.9–6.3)	0.19 (0.13–0.29)	22 (10–47)	0.89
Exosome source
Plasma total exosome	18	0.80 (0.74–0.85)	0.75 (0.66–0.82)	3.2 (2.3–4.5)	0.27 (0.19–0.37)	12 (6–23)	0.85
NDE from plasma	25	0.85 (0.76–0.91)	0.83 (0.77–0.88)	5.0 (3.5–7.1)	0.18 (0.11–0.31)	27 (13–58)	0.90
Serum total exosome	7	0.86 (0.70–0.94)	0.89 (0.78–0.95)	7.8 (3.5–17.5)	0.16 (0.07–0.39)	48 (10–242)	0.94
Type of exosome protein
Aβ42	9	0.86 (0.75–0.92)	0.78 (0.69–0.85)	4.0 (2.6–6.0)	0.18 (0.10–0.34)	22 (8–58)	0.88
T-tau	6	0.78 (0.63–0.87)	0.75 (0.51–0.89)	3.1 (1.3–7.0)	0.30 (0.16–0.57)	10 (3–40)	0.83
P-tau	8	0.85 (0.68–0.94)	0.85 (0.74–0.92)	5.5 (3.1–10.0)	0.18 (0.08–0.41)	31 (10–103)	0.91

NDE, neuronally derived exosomes.