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. 2021 Mar 1;12:609244. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.609244

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Copyright © 2021 Araújo, Alcantara, Rodrigues, de Souza, Pontes and Frases.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Transmission electron microscopy of Cryptococcus neoformans during budding reveals that both the cell wall and PS layer reorganize prior to budding. The right column images (B,D,F) are zoomed images of the panels represented on the left (A,C,E). The green arrowheads indicate the cell wall delamination at different budding stages. (A,B) Yeast in the beginning of the budding process presents a modest cell wall delamination in the specialized region (SR). (C,D) Intermediate cell wall delamination stage and reduction of the PS fiber density at the SR when compared to the rest of the cell perimeter, in panel (D) blue arrows indicate, possibly, accumulation of chitin near the SR. (E,F) Discontinuity of the cell wall showing an advanced delamination step in which the cell wall peeling is evident and the reduction of the density and complexity of the PS fibers around the SR is evident. LBs: Lipid Bodies; CW: Cell Wall; PS: Polysaccharide; SR: Specialized region. Scale bars: panels (A,C,E) 1 μm; panels (B,D,F) 500 nm.