Table 3. Determinants for Mortality and Unfavorable Functional Outcome at 3 Months After Ischemic Stroke.
| Mortality |
Unfavorable outcome |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude HR | Adjusted HR | Crude HR | Adjusted HR | |
| (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | ||||
| ≥ 90 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 60–89 | 1.60 (1.29, 1.98) | 1.33 (1.06, 1.67) | 1.48 (1.40, 1.58) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.11) |
| 30–59 | 2.71 (2.19, 3.35) | 1.81 (1.43, 2.28) | 2.01 (1.89, 2.15) | 1.13 (1.05, 1.21) |
| 15–29 | 5.51 (4.26, 7.13) | 3.44 (2.59, 4.57) | 2.49 (2.25, 2.75) | 1.25 (1.12, 1.40) |
| < 15 non-dialysis | 5.68 (4.01, 8.03) | 3.25 (2.19, 4.83) | 1.99 (1.69, 2.34) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.27) |
| Dialysis | 6.49 (4.84, 8.69) | 4.09 (2.96, 5.65) | 2.08 (1.82, 2.38) | 1.32 (1.14, 1.52) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 0.48 (0.41, 0.57) | 0.66 (0.55, 0.80) | 0.81 (0.77, 0.85) | 0.87 (0.82, 0.92) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 0.54 (0.47, 0.61) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | 1.27 (1.21, 1.34) |
| Statin use at discharge | 0.27 (0.23, 0.33) | 0.41 (0.34, 0.50) | 0.77 (0.73, 0.80) | 0.80 (0.76, 0.84) |
| Age | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.04) | 1.03 (1.03, 1.03) |
| Admission NIHSS | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) | 1.04 (1.04, 1.05) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.03) |
| Hypertension | 0.80 (0.70, 0.91) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.89) | 1.26 (1.19, 1.32) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) |
| Diabetes | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.20) | 1.24 (1.19, 1.29) | 1.26 (1.20, 1.32) |
| Ischemic stroke subtype | ||||
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 0.50 (0.43, 0.59) | 0.63 (0.54, 0.74) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) |
| Small vessel occlusion | 0.16 (0.13, 0.19) | 0.25 (0.22, 0.31) | 0.48 (0.46, 0.51) | 0.62 (0.58, 0.66) |
| Cardioembolism | 2.06 (1.60, 2.67) | 2.00 (1.48, 2.69) | 0.54 (0.45, 0.65) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.13) |
| Other specific etiologies | 1.06 (0.90, 1.23) | 0.77 (0.65, 0.92) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.96) |
| Undetermined etiology | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.65 (0.53, 0.79) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.20) | 0.69 (0.65, 0.74) | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97) |
| Cancer | 3.39 (2.74, 4.19) | 1.89 (1.50, 2.38) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.74 (0.65, 0.84) |
| Recurrent ischemic stroke | 2.38 (1.87, 3.04) | 2.52 (1.93, 3.27) | 0.58 (0.22, 1.52) | 1.44 (1.28, 1.62) |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence intervals; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale.
The adjusted variables included age, gender, admission NIHSS, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, previous cerebral infarction, previous cerebral hemorrhage, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke subtype, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, alcohol consumption, cancer, statin use at discharge, antiplatelet/anticoagulant use at discharge, intravenous thrombolysis, and recurrent ischemic stroke within 3 months after the index stroke.