Table 1.
Protective and detrimental role of neutrophils during Leishmania infection: Neutrophils play protective (resolution of the disease), or detrimental (enhanced disease) roles in cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis depending on the infecting Leishmania spp., the genetic background of the host, the mode of infection and the host immune response.
| Role of neutrophils in infection | Leishmania | Source of neutrophils | Route of infection | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| species | strain | ||||
| Protective | L. major | Bokkara | C57BL/6, BALB/c | s.c.a | (98) |
| LV39 | C57BL/6 | s.c. | (67, 99) | ||
| LV39 | C57BL/6 | i.d.b | (69, 75) | ||
| L. amazonensis | BALB/c, C57BL/6 | i.d. | (72, 105) | ||
| L. amazonensis | BALB/c (Promastigote and amastigote parasites) C57BL/6, C3H/HePas, C3H/HeJ (promastigote parasites) |
in vitro | (86, 106) | ||
| L. amazonensis | Human | in vitro | (93, 115, 116) | ||
| L. braziliensis | BALB/c | i.d. | (100) | ||
| L. braziliensis | C57BL/6 | in vitro | (73, 107) | ||
| L. donovani | C57BL/6, BALB/c | i.v.c | (108, 109) | ||
| L. infantum | C57BL/6, BALB/c | i.v. or i.d. | (70, 110–112) | ||
| Detrimental | L. major | LV39 | BALB/c | s.c. | (67, 99) |
| LV39 | C57BL/6 | i.d. | (33) | ||
| IL81 | Human | in vitro | (79) | ||
| 5ASKH | BALB/c | s.c. | (88) | ||
| Friedlin | C57BL/6 (LCMV coinfection) | i.d. | (83) | ||
| Friedlin | C57BL/6 | i.d. (sand fly) | (60, 61) | ||
| Friedlin | BALB/c | i.d | (90) | ||
| Seidman | C57BL/6 | i.d. | (82) | ||
| Ryan | C57BL/6 | i.d. (sand fly and needle) | (78) | ||
| L. mexicana | C57BL/6, BALB/c | i.d. | (74, 114) | ||
| L. mexicana | C57BL/6 | i.d and in vitro | (84) | ||
| L. amazonensis | C57BL/6 (amastigote parasites) | in vitro | (86) | ||
| L. panamensis | Human | ex vivo | (118) | ||
| L. donovani | BALB/c | i.d. (sand fly) | (62) | ||
a
s.c.: subcutaneous in the footpad.
b
i.d.: intradermal in the ear.
c
i.v.: intravenous.
Light gray: CL; dark gray: VL. Parasites are needle injected. When parasites are deposited following natural infection, “sand fly” is indicated.