Table 4.
Summary of childhood health consequences of bullying during childhood
| Experienced by | Reference | |||
| Victim | Bully | Bully–victim | ||
| Physical health outcomes | ||||
| Unspecified psychosomatic symptoms | x | 24 | ||
| Feeling tired | x | 24 | ||
| Poor appetite | x | 24 | ||
| Stomach-ache | x | 24 | ||
| Sleeping difficulties | x | 24 | ||
| Headache | x | 24 | ||
| Back pain | x | 24 | ||
| Dizziness | x | 24 | ||
| Mental health outcomes | ||||
| Depression | x | x | 2 5 | |
| Anxiety | x | x | 2 5 23 | |
| Psychotic symptoms | x | 24 28 | ||
| Self-harm | x | 27 | ||
| Suicidal ideation | x | x | x | 5 24–26 |
| Suicidal behaviour | x | x | x | 24–26 |
| Illicit substance misuse | x | 23 24 | ||
| Alcohol misuse | x | x | 23 24 29 | |
| Smoking | x | x | x | 29 |
| Panic disorder | x | x | 5 24 | |
| Loneliness | x | x | 2 29 | |
| Low self-esteem | x | 2 | ||
| Hyperactivity | x | 23 | ||
| Disturbed personality | x | x | 5 23 | |
| Social health outcomes | ||||
| Isolation | x | 23 | ||
| Poor school adjustment | x | 23 | ||
| Poor social adjustment | x | 23 | ||
| Externalising problems | x | 23 | ||
| Risky sexual behaviour | x | 24 | ||
| Weapon carrying | x | x | 30 | |
| Disconnectedness with parents | x | 31 | ||