Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression examining the association of individual comorbidities with hypertension control, among middle-aged UK adults on anti-hypertensive treatment (N=99 468)
| Age and sex adjusted | Multivariable adjusted* | ||||||||
| Coefficient | Level | n | % controlled† | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value |
| CVD | No | 80 124 | 34.9 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 19 344 | 51.3 | 2.20 | (2.12 to 2.27) | <0.001 | 2.11 | (2.04 to 2.19) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes | No | 84 040 | 37.1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 15 428 | 43.9 | 1.36 | (1.31 to 1.41) | <0.001 | 1.32 | (1.27 to 1.36) | <0.001 | |
| Arrhythmia (afib/flutter) | No | 97 769 | 37.9 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1699 | 49.0 | 1.70 | (1.55 to 1.87) | <0.001 | 1.72 | (1.56 to 1.90) | <0.001 | |
| Asthma or COPD | No | 86 889 | 38.0 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 12 579 | 38.8 | 1.01 | (0.97 to 1.05) | 0.650 | 0.96 | (0.92 to 1.00) | 0.031 | |
| Migraines | No | 96 500 | 37.7 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 2968 | 52.7 | 1.68 | (1.56 to 1.81) | <0.001 | 1.68 | (1.56 to 1.81) | <0.001 | |
| Epilepsy | No | 98 631 | 38.1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 837 | 41.3 | 1.10 | (0.96 to 1.26) | 0.178 | 0.96 | (0.83 to 1.10) | 0.554 | |
| Anxiety | No | 97 564 | 37.9 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 1904 | 49.7 | 1.51 | (1.38 to 1.66) | <0.001 | 1.47 | (1.34 to 1.62) | <0.001 | |
| Depression | No | 93 353 | 37.5 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 6115 | 47.2 | 1.40 | (1.33 to 1.48) | <0.001 | 1.27 | (1.20 to 1.34) | <0.001 | |
| Osteoarthritis | No | 87 749 | 37.9 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 11 719 | 39.7 | 1.10 | (1.06 to 1.15) | <0.001 | 1.08 | (1.04 to 1.13) | <0.001 | |
| Other joint disorder | No | 95 070 | 38.1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 4398 | 38.6 | 1.02 | (0.96 to 1.08) | 0.597 | 0.97 | (0.91 to 1.03) | 0.313 | |
*The multiply-adjusted model presented in table 3 contains variables included in table 2 except for the number of comorbidities, and additionally contains the individual types of comorbidities.
†Thus, variables included in the model above are: age group, years, gender, ethnic group, Townsend Deprivation Index, quintiles, household Income, GBP, occupation category, highest level of education (ISCED), country of birth, by income level, UK country of residence, BMI (categorical), smoking status, alcohol units per week (categorical), weekly physical activity, number of antihypertensive medications, family history of CVD, diabetes, arrhythmia (afib/flutter), asthma or COPD, migraines, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, osteoarthritis, other joint disorder, ever screened for bowel cancer. Afib/flutter: atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter.
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ISCED, International Standard Classification of Education.