Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants at enrolment
| Characteristic | Total (N = 599) | HIV+ (N = 496) | HIV− (N = 103) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 12.0 (10.6 to 13.3) | 12.0 (10.7 to 13.3) | 11.6 (10.0 to 13.4) | 0.199 |
| Male sex | 298 (50%) | 251 (51%) | 47 (46%) | 0.358 |
| Relative poverty categories 1 | ||||
| Least disadvantaged | 209 (35%) | 191 (39%) | 18 (18%) | <0.001 |
| Moderate disadvantage | 203 (34%) | 179 (36%) | 24 (24%) | |
| Most disadvantaged | 185 (31%) | 125 (25%) | 60 (59%) | |
| Previous TB disease | 301 (51%) | 298 (61%) | 3 (3%) | <0.001 |
| On treatment for any TB disease at enrolment | 7 (1%) | 7 (1%) | 0 | 0.225 |
| Previous isoniazid preventive therapy | 134 (22%) | 131 (27%) | 3 (3%) | <0.001 |
| Current known TB contact | 13/555 (2%) | 9/459 (2%) | 4/96 (4%) | 0.194 |
| Tanner stage | ||||
| Prepubertal (Stage I) | 265 (44%) | 231 (47%) | 34 (33%) | 0.041 |
| Adolescent (Stages II‐IV) | 303 (51%) | 240 (48%) | 63 (61%) | |
| Mature (Stage V) | 31 (5%) | 25 (5%) | 6 (6%) | |
| Body mass index (BMI, (kg/m 2 ) | 17.3 (16.1 to 19.2) | 17.1 (16.0 to 18.9) | 18.7 (16.6 to 21.5) | 0.001 |
| BMI categories | ||||
| Underweight, BMI < 18.5 | 397 (66%) | 347 (70%) | 50 (48%) | <0.001 |
| Normal, BMI ≥ 18.5 < 25 | 179 (30%) | 134 (27%) | 45 (44%) | |
| Overweight/obese, BMI ≥ 25 | 23 (4%) | 15 (3%) | 8 (8%) | |
| Age at ART initiation (years) | n/a | 4.4 (2.0 to 7.6) | n/a | n/a |
| Categories of age at ART initiation | ||||
| ≤2 years | n/a | 120 (25%) | n/a | n/a |
| >2, <6 years | n/a | 196 (40%) | n/a | n/a |
| ≥6 years | n/a | 172 (35%) | n/a | n/a |
| HIV viral load (log10 copies/mL) | n/a | 1.59 (1.59 to 1.60) | n/a | n/a |
| Categories of HIV viral load | ||||
| <40 copies/mL | n/a | 376 (76%) | n/a | n/a |
| 40 to 1000 copies/mL | n/a | 56 (11%) | n/a | n/a |
| ≥1000 copies/mL | n/a | 64 (13%) | n/a | n/a |
| CD4 cell count (cells/µL) | n/a | 713 (564 to 954) | n/a | n/a |
| CD4 cell count categories | ||||
| >500 cells/µL | n/a | 414 (83%) | n/a | n/a |
| >350, ≤500 cells/µL | n/a | 39 (8%) | n/a | n/a |
| ≤350 cells/µL | n/a | 43 (9%) | n/a | n/a |
| QFT result at enrolment 2 | ||||
| QFT positive | 179 (30%) | 154 (31%) | 25 (24%) | 0.052 |
| QFT negative | 362 (60%) | 299 (60%) | 63 (61%) | |
| QFT indeterminate | 18 (3%) | 15 (3%) | 3 (3%) | |
| QFT results not available | 40 (7%) | 28 (6%) | 12 (12%) | |
Numbers are median (interquartile range) or n (column percentage); p‐values from Chi2 or Kruskal–Wallis testing, not corrected for multiplicity. QFT, interferon gamma release assay (QuantiFERON‐TB).
1
Tertiles of a continuous score incorporating a standardized asset score (including type of housing, access to running water and flush toilet), employment and education; missing (n = 2)
2
the percentage of QFT‐positive participants differs from the number quoted in the manuscript as the denominator in Table 1 is different and excludes 40 participants who did not have a QFT result available from their enrolment visit.