Table 1.
Radioactive isotopes used in clinical medicine for thyroid cancer. 18F-FDG: 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-Fluor-D-glucose; 18F-BF4-: [18F]-tetrafluoroborate; EC: electronic capture; γ: gamma radiation (high energy photons); β+: positrons from the nucleus; β-: electrons from the nucleus; IT: isometric transition; PET: positron emission tomography; SPECT: single-photon emission computed tomography; TG: thyroglobulin; GLUT: Glucose Transporter.
| Isotope | Detection Technique | Transporter | TG Organification? | Energy Emitted Type | Energy Emitted (KeV) | Half Life | Tissue Penetration/Spatial Resolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 123I | SPECT | NIS | Yes | EC/γ | 159 | 13 h | |
| 124I | PET | NIS | Yes | β+ | 510 | 4.17 d | 5.0 mm |
| 125I | SPECT | NIS | Yes | EC/γ | 27 | 59.4 d | 17 µm |
| 131I | SPECT | NIS | Yes | β-/γ | 364 | 8.02 d | 0.44–2.4 mm |
| 211At | PET | NIS, others | No | EC/α | 27 y 6900 (α) | 7.2 h | 65 µm |
| 99mTcO4− | SPECT | NIS | No | IT/γ | 140 | 6.03 h | |
| 188ReO4− | SPECT | NIS | No | β-/γ | 155 | 17 h | 10.8 mm |
| 18F-BF4− | PET | NIS | No | β+ | 511 | 110 min | |
| 18F-FDG | PET | GLUT | No | β+ | 511 | 110 min | 4.2 mm |