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Dimensional quantification of the weld as a function of the rotational speed of the tool: (a) ratio of the radius of the edge-chipping area and stable process-pressure area-r/R; (b) axial thickness of the weld-H (c) ratio of the bottom diameter of the stir zone and top diameter of the stir zone-d/D; (d) trapper angle of the stir zone-α; (e) schematic of the weld.
