Table 3.
Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) parameters.
| Batch I (T1) * |
Axial Load F (kN) | Rotational Speed n (rpm) | Penetration Depth h (mm) | Dwell Time td (s) | Dwell Time Deviation td (s) | Batch II (T2) * |
Axial Load F (kN) | Rotational Speed n (rpm) | Penetration Depth h (mm) | Dwell Time td (s) |
Dwell Time Deviation td (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RW1 | 2 | 1500 | 0.25 | 4.65 | 0.268 | RWA1 | 4 | 1000 | 0.25 | 1.68 | 0.070 |
| RW2 | 2 | 2000 | 0.25 | 4.60 | 0.340 | RWA2 | 4 | 1500 | 0.25 | 1.34 | 0.042 |
| RW3 | 2 | 2500 | 0.25 | 4.41 | 0.298 | RWA3 | 4 | 2000 | 0.25 | 1.11 | 0.081 |
| RW4 | 2 | 3000 | 0.25 | 4.29 | 0.212 | RWA4 | 4 | 2500 | 0.25 | 1.07 | 0.076 |
| RW5 | 2 | 3500 | 0.25 | 3.77 | 0.148 | RWA5 | 4 | 3000 | 0.25 | 0.97 | 0.040 |
| RWA6 | 4 | 3500 | 0.25 | 1.00 | 0.038 | ||||||
| RWA7 | 4 | 4000 | 0.25 | 0.98 | 0.042 | ||||||
| RWA8 | 4 | 4500 | 0.25 | 0.91 | 0.015 |