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. 2021 Feb 27;22(5):2398. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052398

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) A 2424-bp DNA template including a 38-bp transcription unit (yellow box) under T7A1 promoter, ending at the major termination site (TS) of tR2 terminator. The DNA is labeled with biotin (black dot) at the upstream end for immobilization. (b) Representative fluorescence traces. RNAP retention time, t_retention, refers to the time difference between Cy3 vanishing due to RNA release and Cy5 vanishing due to RNAP dissociation in the termination cases with sequential dissociation of RNA and RNAP from DNA. (c) The RNAP retention times plotted against NaCl concentrations. After intrinsic termination, recycling RNAP falls off DNA sooner at higher NaCl concentrations.