Table 1.
Patient characteristics according to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) survival status.
| Variables | All Patients (n = 51) |
Survivors (n = 32) |
Non-Survivors (n = 19) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53 (47–58) | 52 (42–57) | 54 (51–64) | 0.14 |
| Male Gender | 41 (80) | 27 (84) | 14 (73) | 0.35 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (23–28) | 25 (22–28) | 27 (25–29) | 0.17 |
| CV Risk Factors | ||||
| Smoking habits | 35 (69) | 22 (69) | 13 (68) | 0.98 |
| Dyslipidemia | 12 (23) | 7 (21) | 5 (26) | 0.72 |
| Arterial Hypertension | 21 (41) | 15 (47) | 6 (32) | 0.28 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (22) | 7 (22) | 4 (21) | 0.94 |
| Family history of CHD | 6 (12) | 2 (6) | 4 (21) | 0.11 |
| Vascular History | ||||
| Previous coronary angioplasty or CABG | 3 (6) | 1 (3) | 2 (11) | 0.28 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 3 (6) | 1 (3) | 2 (11) | 0.28 |
| SOFA Score | 9 (8–10) | 9 (8–10) | 11 (7–12) | 0.09 |
| SAPS II Score | 38 (29–44) | 33 (29–40) | 44 (35–67) | 0.02 |
| STEMI-ECMO Period (days) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–7) | 0 (0–3) | 0.36 |
| Pre-ECMO Cardiac Arrest | 17 (33) | 9 (28) | 8 (42) | 0.31 |
| No Flow duration (min) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–10) | |
| Low Flow duration (min) | 20 (12–45) | 10 (12–20) | 30 (20–40) | |
| Shockable Rhythm | 12/17 (71) | 8/9 (89) | 4/8 (50) | |
| ECMO under CPR | 6 (12) | 1 (3) | 5 (26) | 0.01 |
| Intravenous fibrinolysis | 3 (6) | 3 (10) | 0 | 0.17 |
| Anterior STEMI | 39 (76) | 24 (75) | 15 (79) | 0.75 |
| Primary Angioplasty | 47 (92) | 29 (90) | 18 (95) | 0.60 |
| Successful PA | 41/47 (87) | 26/29 (90) | 15/18 (83) | |
| Post-PA ECMO | 50 (98) | 31 (96) | 19 (100) | 0.43 |
| Time from PA to ECMO (h) | 7 (0–84) | 8 (0–114) | 2 (0–52) | 0.49 |
| Percutaneous ECMO implantation | 23 (45) | 13 (57) | 10 (43) | 0.56 |
| Distal perfusion cannulation | 51 (100) | 32 (100) | 19 (100) | |
| ECMO-related IABP | 46 (90) | 30 (94) | 16 (84) | 0.27 |
| Pre-ECMO IABP | 27 (53) | 20 (62) | 7 (37) | 0.08 |
| Pre-ECMO MV | 51 (100) | 32 (100) | 19 (100) | |
| Glasgow Coma Scale score | 14 (3–14) | 14 (14–14) | 3 (3–14) | 0.03 |
| Arterial Lactate (mmol/L) | 3.1 (1.9–7.3) | 2.2 (1.5–3.7) | 6.5 (3.2–13.3) | <0.01 |
| Prothrombin ratio (%) | 55 (45–66) | 55 (53–70) | 45 (36–55) | <0.01 |
| Serum Creatinine (µmol/L) | 122 (100–170) | 115 (93–176) | 149 (115–167) | 0.52 |
| Arterial pH | 7.32 (7.29–7.43) | 7.32 (7.31–7.43) | 7.32 (7.19–7.44) | 0.08 |
Values expressed as median (25th and 75th percentiles) or as n (%) unless specified, p-values are provided for comparisons between survivors and non-survivors. STEMI, ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction; BMI, Body Mass Index; CABG, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; CHD, Coronary Heart Disease; CPR, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; CV, Cardiovascular; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FMC, First Medical Contact; IABP, Intra-aortic balloon pump; MV, Mechanical Ventilation; PA, Primary Angioplasty; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment