Table 1.
Urine analysis and nicotine metabolite determination by immunochromatography and gas chromatography, mass spectrophotometry, and the proposed wireless biosensor.
| Name of Urine Unknown | Immunochromatography | Wireless Biosensor * (min) |
GC/MS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Undiluted Sample | 1:8 Diluted Sample | Undiluted Sample | 1:8 Diluted Sample | Cotinine (ng/mL) |
Nicotine (ng/mL) |
|
| A |
 Positive |
 Negative |
>60 | 20 | 98.8 | 80.3 |
| B |
 Positive |
 Negative |
>60 | 35 | 280 | 148 |
| C |
 Positive |
 Negative |
>60 | 37 | 270 | 256 |
| D |
 Negative |
n.d. | 21 | n.d. | Not detected; <2 |
Not detected; < |
| E |
 Negative |
n.d. | 20 | n.d. | Not detected; <2 |
Not detected; <2 |
| F |
 Negative |
n.d. | 16 | n.d. | Not detected; <2 |
Not detected; <2 |
| G |
 Positive |
 Negative |
>60 | 21 | 128 | 140 |
* An assistant pad used in this experiment was immobilized with 19.29 mUGOx. n.d = not determined.