Table 2.

Thoracic outlet syndrome diagnostic maneuvers.

Test	Maneuver	Positive Result
Elevated Arm Stress Test (EAST)	Arms are placed in the surrender position with shoulders at a 90° abduction-external rotation and elbows flexed to 90°. Patient maintains this position while slowly opening and closing their hands for 3 min.	Pain, paresthesia, or diminished radial pulse. Pain may prevent patient from continuing the test.
Upper Limb Tension Test (ULTT)	Position 1: Arms abducted to 90° with straight elbows Position 2: Dorsiflexion of wrists Position 3: Tilt head (ear to shoulder) on each side	Positions 1 and 2 elicit symptoms on the ipsilateral side. Position 3 elicits symptoms on the contralateral side.
Adson Test	The affected shoulder is abducted to 30° with full extension of the elbow. Patient extends the neck while turning their head to the ipsilateral shoulder and inhaling deeply.	Diminished or absent radial pulse