Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics of the study.
| Healthy (n = 7) |
Gingivitis (n = 7) |
Periodontitis (n = 8) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 4 (57.1%) | 6 (85.7%) | 5 (62.5%) |
| Female | 3 (42.9%) | 1 (14.3%) | 3 (37.5%) | |
| Age | 35.1 ± 7.8 (24–48) |
30.5 ± 5.7 (28–40) p = 0.57 |
48.2 ± 10.6 (38–66) * p = 0.02 |
|
| Smoking habit | Non-smokers | 7 (100%) | 7 (100%) | 6 (75%) |
| Smokers | 0 | 0 | 2 (25%) | |
| Ethnicity | Caucasians | 4 (57.1%) | 2 (28.5%) | 3 (37.5%) |
| Asians | 3 (42.9%) | 5 (71.5%) | 5 (62.5%) | |
| BOP | 11% ± 3.1 (6%–14%) |
48.5 % ± 14.6 (34%–70%) * p = 0.0001 |
47.5 % ± 18 (25%–74%) * p = 0.0001 |
|
| PI | 15.1 % ± 6.9 (6%–28%) |
51.5 % ± 27 (9%–89%) * p = 0.08 |
77.3 % ± 16.7 (53%–94%) * p = 0.0006 |
|
| No. of deep pockets (≥5 mm) | 24 ± 21.4 (5–55) |
|||
| Average PPD (mm) | 4.95 ± 1.4 (2.5–6.4) |
|||
|
Periodontitis
classification |
Localised (<30%) |
3 (37.5%) | ||
| Generalised (≥30%) | 5 (62.5%) | |||
| Grade B | 5 (62.5%) | |||
| Grade C | 3 (37.5%) | |||
| Stage III | 7 (85.7%) | |||
| Stage IV | 1 (14.3%) |
Note: p values were calculated versus healthy controls. *: p < 0.05.