Table 5.
Polypharmacy and Hyperpolypharmacy by Baseline Characteristics of the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly Study Cohort at Enrollment
| 0–4 Medications, n=14,026 | 5–9 Medications, n=4665 | 10 or More Medications, n=423 | Adjusted Odds Ratioa(95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 73.8 (71.6–77.4) | 74.6 (71.8–78.5) | 74.5 (71.8–78.2) | 1.03 (1.02–1.03) |
| 65–74 | 60 (8442) | 53 (2488) | 55% (234) | Reference |
| 75–84 | 36 (5072) | 42 (1970) | 42% (176) | 1.29 (1.21–1.38) |
| 85 or older | 4 (512) | 4 (207) | 3% (13) | 1.29 (1.09–1.52) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 92 (12,891) | 90 (4192) | 87 (367) | Reference |
| Non-White | 8 (1135) | 10 (473) | 13 (56) | 1.24 (1.08–1.43) |
| Years of education | ||||
| ≥ 12 years | 57 (7953) | 49 (2298) | 53 (226) | Reference |
| < 12 years | 43 (6072) | 51 (2367) | 47 (197) | 1.39 (1.3–1.49) |
| GI complaintb | 16 (2213) | 32 (1516) | 45 (192) | 2.63 (2.4–2.9) |
| Hypertension | 69 (9662) | 89 (4130) | 95 (403) | 3.88 (3.53–4.27) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (980) | 20 (938) | 30 (127) | 3.84 (3.49–4.21) |
| CKD | 22 (3086) | 32 (1483) | 40 (171) | 1.73 (1.61–1.86) |
| Not frail | 63 (8854) | 48 (2255) | 32 (137) | Reference |
| Prefrail | 36 (4983) | 47 (2213) | 59 (251) | 1.83 (1.72–1.96) |
| Frail | 1 (189) | 4 (197) | 8 (35) | 4.54 (3.74–5.52) |
| MCSc | 55.9 ± 6.74 | 55.2 ± 7.96 | 54.2 ± 9.2 | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) |
| PCSc | 49.9 ± 7.73 | 44.4 ± 9.72 | 38.9 ± 10.27 | 1.08 (1.07–1.08) |
| 3MSc | 93.6 ± 4.61 | 93.0 ± 4.66 | 93.1 ± 4.48 | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) |
| Grip strengthc | 26.3 (20.3–35.0) | 22.7 (18.0–30.0) | 21.3 (16.7–26.8) | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) |
| Gait speed | 2.91 (2.55–3.34) | 3.17 (2.75–3.74) | 3.44 (2.96–4.24) | 1.51 (1.46–1.56) |
| CES-D-10 < 8 | 92 (12,852) | 87 (4050) | 78 (329) | Reference |
| CES-D-10 8 or more | 8 (1171) | 13 (614) | 22 (94) | 1.72 (1.55–1.9) |
3MS = Modified Mini-Mental Examination score; CES-D-10 = Center of Epidemiology Studies Short Depression Scale score; CI = confidence interval; CKD = chronic kidney disease; GI = gastrointestinal; MCS = Mental Component Score from the 12-Item Short Form Survey; PCS = Physical Component Score from the 12-Item Short Form Survey; PIMs = potentially inappropriate medications.
Data are presented as percentage of column (n), median (interquartile range), or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. CKD is defined as defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 or a urine albumin creatinine ratio of three or more. Grip strength is for dominant hand.
Ordinal log, 0–4 medications (reference) adjusted for country and sex.
Data collection about GI complaints was introduced part way through recruitment. Percentage is of the total number of participants who were asked about GI complaints, which included self-report of gastro-esophageal reflux disease, gastritis, or dyspepsia.
Odds ratios for MCS, PCS, grip strength, and 3MS is per one-unit decrease.