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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Metab. 2020 Oct 26;2(11):1232–1247. doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-00296-1

Fig. 3: Ketogenic diet can prevent heart failure in CS-MPC2−/− mice.

Fig. 3:

a, Plasma total ketone bodies from low fat (LF)- or ketogenic diet (KD)-fed mice (n=8, 5, 9, and 7 for fl/fl LF, CS-Mpc2−/− LF, fl/fl KD, and CS-Mpc2−/− KD, respectively). b-d, Echocardiography measures of left ventricular (LV) mass index, end-diastolic volume (EDV), and ejection fraction (EF) of LF- or KD-fed mice at 16-weeks of age (n=9, 7, 11, and 9 for fl/fl LF, CS-Mpc2−/− LF, fl/fl KD, and CS-Mpc2−/− KD, respectively). e, Survival curve of LF- or KD-fed mice (initial n=19, 15, 21, and 14 for fl/fl LF, CS-Mpc2−/− LF, fl/fl KD, and CS-Mpc2−/− KD, respectively). f, Representative short-axis H&E images and magnified trichrome stains of hearts from LF- or KD-fed 17-week old mice (black scale bar = 1mm; similar data reproduced with seven independent groups of littermate mice). g-h, Heart weight and lung weight normalized to tibia length of LF- or KD-fed 17-week old mice (n=19, 11, 20, and 14 for fl/fl LF, CS-Mpc2−/− LF, fl/fl KD, and CS-Mpc2−/− KD, respectively). i, Cardiac myocyte cross-sectional area (CSA) measured from H&E images (n=8, 5, 9, and 7 for fl/fl LF, CS-Mpc2−/− LF, fl/fl KD, and CS-Mpc2−/− KD, respectively). j-n, Gene expression markers of cardiac hypertrophy/failure and fibrosis from mouse hearts (n=7, 5, 6, and 6 for fl/fl LF, CS-Mpc2−/− LF, fl/fl KD, and CS-Mpc2−/− KD, respectively). o, Western blot images for signaling pathways associated with cardiac hypertrophic growth (PhosphoERK, Total ERK, PhosphoAMPKα, Total AMPKα, Phospho-mTOR, Total mTOR, Phospho-S6-Ribosomal Protein, Total S6-Ribosomal Protein, and β-Actin) from hearts of LF- or KD-fed mice (n=3). Mean ± s.e.m. shown within dot plot. Each symbol represents an individual sample. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test.