Table 2.
Breakfast with family often n = 297 (73.7%) | Lunch with family often n = 186 (53.3%) | Dinner with family often n = 302 (74.4%) | Between-meal snacks with family often n = 102 (26.9%) | Supper with family often n = 155 (38.7%) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude difference | Adjusted difference | Crude difference | Adjusted difference | Crude difference | Adjusted difference | Crude difference | Adjusted difference | Crude difference | Adjusted difference | |||||||||||
β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
Fruits | 0.001 | −0.288, 0.290 | 0.011 | − 0.280, 0.301 | 0.067 | − 0.190, 0.324 | 0.064 | − 0.195, 0.322 | − 0.125 | − 0.414, 0.165 | − 0.139 | − 0.431, 0.152 | 0.117 | −0.184, 0.417 | 0.111 | −0.191, 0.413 | −0.046 | − 0.310, 0.217 | −0.44 | − 0.309, 0.221 |
Vegetables | 0.249 | − 0.032, 0.530 | 0.255 | − 0.029, 0.538 | 0.206 | − 0.045, 0.456 | 0.205 | − 0.048, 0.457 | 0.304 | 0.023, 0.585 | 0.300 | 0.016, 0.584 | 0.404 | 0.110, 0.697 | 0.408 | 0.112, 0.702 | 0.214 | −0.042, 0.471 | 0.226 | −0.032, 0.484 |
Fruits and vegetables | 0.250 | −0.231, 0.732 | 0.265 | −0.219, 0.750 | 0.273 | −0.156, 0.702 | 0.268 | −0.163, 0.700 | 0.179 | −0.304, 0.662 | 0.160 | −0.327, 0.648 | 0.520 | 0.018, 1.023 | 0.519 | 0.014, 1.024 | 0.168 | −0.272, 0.608 | 0.182 | −0.260, 0.624 |
Homemade dinners | −0.004 | − 0.187, 0.179 | − 0.011 | − 0.195, 0.173 | 0.138 | −0.025, 0.301 | 0.129 | − 0.034, 0.293 | 0.177 | −0.005, 0.360 | 0.179 | −0.005, 0.363 | 0.117 | − 0.076, 0.309 | 0.108 | − 0.086, 0.301 | 0.092 | −0.075, 0.258 | 0.096 | −0.072, 0.263 |
Commercial dinners | −0.104 | − 0.306, 0.99 | − 0.094 | −0.299, 0.110 | − 0.093 | − 0.274, 0.087 | − 0.089 | −0.270, 0.093 | − 0.235 | − 0.437, − 0.033 | −0.249 | − 0.453, − 0.045 | −0.100 | −0.308, 0.109 | − 0.103 | − 0.314, 0.107 | − 0.041 | − 0.226, 0.144 | − 0.052 | −0.238, 0.134 |
Homemade baby cereal | − 0.082 | − 0.240, 0.077 | −0.082 | − 0.241, 0.077 | 0.152 | 0.013, 0.292 | 0.154 | 0.014, 0.295 | 0.205 | 0.048, 0.363 | 0.197 | 0.036, 0.356 | −0.118 | − 0.284, 0.047 | − 0.123 | −0.289, 0.043 | − 0.095 | −0.239, 0.048 | − 0.088 | − 0.232, 0.056 |
Commercial baby cereal | −0.457 | − 0.701, − 0.212 | − 0.447 | − 0.689, − 0.204 | − 0.287 | − 0.507, − 0.067 | −0.286 | − 0.504, − 0.069 | −0.532 | − 0.777, − 0.288 | −0.550 | − 0.792, − 0.308 | − 0.334 | −0.590, − 0.078 | −0.313 | − 0.566, − 0.059 | −0.302 | − 0.526, − 0.078 | −0.276 | − 0.498, − 0.053 |
Drinking water | 0.516 | 0.182, 0.849 | 0.492 | 0.159, 0.825 | 0.523 | 0.229, 0.818 | 0.514 | 0.219, 0.808 | 0.590 | 0.257, 0.923 | 0.579 | 0.245, 0.912 | − 0.033 | − 0.317, 0.382 | 0.043 | − 0.307, 0.393 | 0.064 | − 0.242, 0.370 | 0.094 | − 0.212, 0.400 |
Milk | 0.170 | − 0.83, 0.423 | 0.169 | −0.086, 0.424 | 0.019 | −0.204, 0.242 | 0.029 | −0.195, 0.253 | 0.311 | 0.059, 0.564 | 0.304 | 0.050, 0.559 | 0.166 | −0.094, 0.427 | 0.148 | −0.113, 0.409 | 0.191 | −0.043, 0.425 | 0.181 | −0.053, 0.416 |
Sweetened beverages | −0.207 | − 0.460, 0.047 | − 0.207 | − 0.461, 0.047 | − 0.121 | − 0.357, 0.095 | − 0.130 | − 0.356, 0.097 | − 0.192 | −0.446, 0.062 | − 0.198 | −0.454, 0.057 | −0.179 | −0.441, 0.803 | − 0.185 | −0.449, 0.079 | 0.041 | −0.271, 0.188 | 0.039 | −0.271, 0.192 |
Desserts and cakes | 0.111 | 0.007, 0.216 | 0.111 | 0.007, 0.215 | 0.056 | −0.038, 0.150 | 0.059 | −0.034, 0.153 | 0.101 | −0.004, 0.206 | 0.105 | 0.000, 0.210 | 0.031 | −0.075, 0.137 | 0.027 | −0.080, 0.133 | 0.038 | −0.057, 0.134 | 0.026 | −0.069, 0.122 |
Significant results are bolded
a Family meals ‘often’ defined as 4–7 days per week, and ‘seldom’ as 0–3 days per week
b Associations adjusted for randomization status, maternal education, and child sex