Table 5.
Group differences in demographic, predisposing, and clinical variables at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1)
| Borderline type (n = 439) | Impulsive type (n = 67) | Group comparison | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | M (SD) | Mdn | n (%) | M (SD) | Mdn | Statistics | p | BH | Effect size | |
| DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES | ||||||||||
| Male (n = 506) | 34 (7.7) | 63 (94.0) | χ2(1) = 279.30 | <.001*** | s. | V = .74 | ||||
| Age (n = 506) | 14.95 (1.36) | 15.00 | 15.72 (1.40) | 16.00 | U = 9866.50 | <.001*** | s. | r = .19 | ||
| PREDISPOSING VARIABLES | ||||||||||
| CECA.Q antipathy (n = 457) | 227 (57.3) | 18 (29.5) | χ2(1) = 16.44 | <.001*** | s. | V = .19 | ||||
| CECA.Q neglect (n = 457) | 175 (44.2) | 17 (27.9) | χ2(1) = 5.78 | .016* | s. | V = .11 | ||||
| CECA.Q physical abuse (n = 453) | 106 (27.0) | 14 (23.0) | χ2(1) = .453 | .501 | n.s. | V = .03 | ||||
| CECA.Q sexual abuse (n = 457) | 94 (23.7) | 5 (8.2) | χ2(1) = 7.52 | .006** | s. | V = .13 | ||||
| DAPP-BQ Emotional Dysregulation (n = 453) | 383.56 (62.25) | 388.00 | 304.53 (69.23) | 318.00 | U = 18,228.50 | <.001*** | s. | r = .32 | ||
| DAPP-BQ Dissocial Behavior (n = 452) | 201.64 (42.67) | 200.00 | 219.81 (43.65) | 235.00 | U = 8316.00 | .001** | s. | r = .15 | ||
| DAPP-BQ Inhibitedness (n = 437) | 109.41 (27.01) | 105.00 | 93.64 (21.45) | 89.00 | U = 14,635.50 | <.001*** | s. | r = .22 | ||
| DAPP-BQ Compulsivity (n = 460) | 42.43 (10.86) | 42.00 | 43.28 (10.50) | 43.00 | U = 11,054.00 | .646 | n.s. | r = .02 | ||
| CLINICAL VARIABLES | ||||||||||
| SCID-II BPD | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 506) | 183 (41.7) | 1 (1.5) | <.001*** | s. | V = .28 | |||||
| T1 (n = 235) | 72 (34.1) | 0 (0) | <.001*** | s. | V = .22 | |||||
| No. SCID-II BPD criteria | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 506) | 3.97 (2.24) | 4.00 | 1.40 (1.38) | 1.00 | U = 24,285.00 | <.001*** | s. | r = .34 | ||
| T1 (n = 235) | 3.44 (2.22) | 3.00 | 1.50 (1.18) | 2.00 | U = 3808.50 | <.001*** | s. | r = .25 | ||
| SCID-II CD | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 502) | 59 (13.6) | 36 (53.7) | χ2(1) = 61.05 | <.001*** | s. | V = .35 | ||||
| T1 (n = 236) | 22 (10.4) | 7 (29.2) | χ2(1) = 7.06 | .008** | s. | V = .17 | ||||
| SCID-II ASPD | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 496) | 21 (4.9) | 12 (18.8) | χ2(1) = 17.31 | <.001*** | s. | V = .19 | ||||
| T1 (n = 234) | 3 (1.4) | 4 (16.7) | 002** | s. | V = .27 | |||||
| MINI-KID AUD | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 148) | 36 (29.5) | 12 (46.2) | χ2(1) = 2.71 | .100 | n.s. | V = .1 4 | ||||
| T1 (n = 75) | 28 (45.9) | 5 (35.7) | χ2(1) = 0.48 | .489 | n.s. | V = .08 | ||||
| MINI-KID SUD | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 126) | 26 (26.3) | 17 (63.0) | χ2(1) = 12.71 | <.001*** | s. | V = .32 | ||||
| T1 (n = 42) | 23 (69.7) | 7 (77.8) | χ2(1) = 0.23 | .634 | n.s. | V = .07 | ||||
| IGD | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 250) | 1 (0.5) | 4 (9.8) | .003** | s. | V = .25 | |||||
| T1 (n = 137) | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | n.s. | V = .03 | |||||
| SITBI no. suicidal thoughts past year | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 501) | 100.39 (105.58) | 70.00 | 16.03 (49.21) | 0.00 | U = 24,698.50 | <.001*** | s. | r = .36 | ||
| T1 (n = 237) | 86.90 (90.48) | 54.00 | 20.83 (37.14) | 1.00 | U = 3954.00 | <.001*** | s. | r = .27 | ||
| SITBI no. suicidal attempts past year | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 504) | 1.96 (9.28) | 0.00 | 0.13 (0.46) | 0.00 | U = 19,503.50 | <.001*** | s. | r = .22 | ||
| T1 (n = 237) | 0.61 (1.61) | 0.00 | 0.08 (0.28) | 0.00 | U = 3072.00 | .034* | s. | r = .14 | ||
| SITBI no. NSSI past year | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 500) | 71.44 (82.77) | 45.00 | 10.14 (26.80) | 0.00 | U = 23,978.50 | <.001*** | s. | r = .36 | ||
| T1 (n = 236) | 50.39 (64.17) | 24.50 | 7.63 (20.99) | 0.00 | U = 4128.50 | <.001*** | s. | r = .30 | ||
| CDI | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 458) | 30.25 (9.30) | 31.00 | 17.13 (8.40) | 16.00 | U = 20,508.00 | <.001*** | s. | r = .35 | ||
| T1 (n = 208) | 23.24 (11.77) | 23.50 | 15.19 (10.72) | 10.50 | U = 2134.00 | .010** | s. | r = .17 | ||
| SCL-90-R GSI | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 467) | 1.68 (0.71) | 1.74 | 0.80 (0.69) | 0.70 | U = 20,187.50 | <.001*** | s. | r = .33 | ||
| T1 (n = 236) | 1.26 (0.81) | 1.15 | 0.64 (0.64) | 0.38 | U = 3459.00 | <.001*** | s. | r = .22 | ||
| KIDSSCREEN-10 | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 417) | 33.99 (6.62) | 33.79 | 44.81 (10.06) | 43.35 | U = 3109.50 | <.001*** | s. | r = .33 | ||
| T1 (n = 186) | 38.93 (9.26) | 37.42 | 49.22 (11.52) | 48.29 | U = 524.50 | .001** | s. | r = .22 | ||
| GAF | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 422) | 47.46 (11.45) | 48.00 | 55.28 (14.04) | 51.00 | U = 7130.00 | <.001*** | s. | r = .21 | ||
| T1 (n = 236) | 61.91 (13.59) | 60.00 | 65.96 (14.69) | 60.00 | U = 2166.00 | .231 | n.s. | r = .08 | ||
| CGI-S | ||||||||||
| T0 (n = 480) | 5.10 (0.91) | 5.00 | 4.56 (1.11) | 5.00 | U = 16,959.00 | <.001*** | s. | r = .17 | ||
| T1 (n = 235) | 3.65 (1.33) | 4.00 | 3.13 (1.36) | 3.50 | U = 3056.50 | .087 | n.s. | r = .11 | ||
| CGI-I (n = 232) | 2.74 (1.13) | 2.00 | 2.54 (1.22) | 2.00 | U = 2742.50 | .398 | n.s. | r = .06 | ||
Notes. AUD alcohol use disorder, ASPD antisocial personality disorder, BH Benjamini-Hochberg correction, BPD borderline personality disorder, CD Conduct Disorder, CDI Children’s Depression Inventory, CECA. Q Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire, CGI-S/−I Clinical Global Impression Severity / Improvement scale, DAPP-BQ Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology Basic Questionnaire, GAF DSM-IV Axis Five Global Assessment of Functioning, IGD internet gaming disorder, KIDSCREEN-10 health-related quality of life, MINI-KID Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents, NSSI non-suicidal self-injury, SCID-II Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders, SITBI Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview; SCL-90-R GSI Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised Global Severity Index, SUD substance use disorder