Fig. 2.

Th1 bladder responses are more critical for bacterial clearance than antibody-dependent responses with intravesical vaccination. (A) Intravesical vaccination with UPEC J96 lysates combined with 10 μg of CpG followed by UPEC J96 challenge were performed in WT and IFNγ^−/− mice. Bladders were collected to determine bacterial load on day 3 postchallenge. (B) Serum from A was collected to determine the concentration of UPEC J96-specific IgG by ELISA. (C) Naïve WT mice were intravesically vaccinated three times with FimH combined with 10 μg of flagellin or 10 μg of CpG. Mice treated with PBS or FimH alone served as controls. Then all mice were challenged with UPEC J96. The concentration of IFNγ in bladder lysates was measured on day 3 postchallenge by ELISA. (D) Naïve WT mice were intravesically vaccinated three times with FimH with 10 μg of flagellin or 10 μg of CpG. Mice treated with PBS or FimH alone served as controls. Then all mice were challenged with UPEC J96. Bladders were collected to determine bacterial load on day 3 postchallenge. (E) Serum from D was collected to determine the concentration of FimH-specific IgG by ELISA. Each data point represents one mouse. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Data were analyzed by an ordinary two-way ANOVA (A and B) or one-way ANOVA (C–E) with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. ns, not significant.