Figure 3.

(A) Effect of ICS-containing therapies on the rate of decline in FEV₁. The center of the diamond indicates the point estimate and the width is the 95% confidence interval (CI). (B) Effect of inhaled LABD therapy on the rate of decline in FEV₁. The center of the diamond indicates the point estimate and the width is the 95% CI. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS = inhaled corticosteroid; ISOLDE = Inhaled Steroids in Obstructive Lung Disease in Europe; LABD = long-acting bronchodilator; LHS2 = Lung Health Study 2; SUMMIT = Study to Understand Mortality and Morbidity; TORCH = Toward a Revolution in COPD Health; UPLIFT = Understanding Potential Long-Term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium.