Table 1.
Summary of cellular processes and genes either upregulated (↑) or downregulated (↓) in different cells exposed to CAP and CAP-activated liquids.
| Med. Type | Cell Type | Process Affected | Deregulated Genes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAP-media | CAL-78, SW1353, A549, H1299, U-2 OS, 3T3 fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes, glioblastoma cells, Pancreatic cancer cells, C2C12 myoblasts | ↓ proliferation | ↑ PRX1, PRX2 | [29,48,71,79,81,82] |
| CAP-Ringer’s solution | MG-63 osteosarcoma cells | ↓ proliferation | [57] | |
| CAP-media | MDA-MB-231, BrCa, DN-17, DSN osteosarcoma cells, MCF-7 |
↓ migration | - | [2,34,87] |
| CAP-media | Melanoma cells | ↓ migration | ↓ E-cadherin, YKL40, N-cadherin, SNAI1 | [88] |
| CAP-Ringer’s solution | MG-63 osteosarcoma cells (3D) | ↑ migration ↑ adhesion |
↑ MMP2, MMP9 ↑ FN1, PTK2 |
[90] |
| CAP-media + Tmz | Glioma cells | ↓ migration | ↑ αvβ3, αvβ5 | [91] |
| CAP-media | Myeloma cells | ↓ migration | ↑ MMP2, MMP9 | [92] |
| CAP-media | Melanoma cells, glioblastoma cells (3D), MG-63 osteosarcoma cells (3D) | ↓ stemness ↑ stemness |
↓ CD133, ABCB5 ↑ BGLAP, ALPL, BMP2, RUNX2 |
[88,89,90] |
| CAP-media | Human epithelial cells, primary prostate cancer cells, melanoma cells | ↑ autophagy | - | [33,64,95] |
| CAP-media | Endometrial cancer cells | ↑ autophagy | ↓ mTOR, PI3K | [96] |
| CAP-media + silymarin | G-361 cells | ↑ autophagy | ↓ HRAS, MEK ↑ BECN1, AMBRA1, MAP1LC3A, SQSTM |
[59] |
| CAP-media | Melanoma cells, dermal fibroblast, adipose-derived stromal cells |
↑ senescence | ↑ H3K9, p21 ↑ p53, p16 |
[98,99] |
| CAP-media | HEI-193, mSC4 VS, THP-1, U37 | ↑ necrosis ↑ apoptosis |
- | [64,100,101,102] |
| CAP | T-lymphoblastoid leukemia cells, LNCaP prostate cancer cells | ↑ apoptosis | ↑ p53, Bax ↓ Bcl2, XRCC1 |
[53,107,108,109] |
| CAP-media | BrCa cells, TE354T basal cell carcinoma, A875 melanoma cells, G361 melanoma cells, U-2 OS |
↑ apoptosis | ↑ MAPK, JNK, NFkB ↑ Sestrin2, p38, MAPK, Fas ↑ Ask1, cJUN, STAT3 |
[27,74,89,103,104,105] |
| CAP-media | Myeloma cells, osteosarcoma cells, HT29, SW480 colon cancer cells | ↑ apoptosis | ↑ p53, Fas ↑ p21, OGG1, GADD45 |
[29,62,106,107,110,111,112] |
| CAP-media | Prostate cancer LNCaP, choloangiocarcinoma cells, HDMEC, G-361 | ↑ apoptosis | ↑ PARP ↑ Casp3, Casp7 |
[62,88,108,109,113] |
| CAP-media | MX-7, vestibular schwannoma cancer cells | ↑ ICD ↑ apoptosis |
↑ CALR ↑ HMGB1, HSP70 |
[118,119] |
| CAP-PBS | Prostate cancer cells Kertinocytes |
↑ ICD ↑ apoptosis |
↑ TNF-α, IFN-γ, ↓ TGF-β ↑ IL-8, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 |
[17,120] |