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. 2020 Feb 28;72(6):924–938. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa194

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Figure 3. — Summary of the results of economic decision models by setting and region. Incremental net benefits (difference of net benefits, with an incremental net benefit > 0 indicating that penicillin allergy testing is cost-saving) obtained through use of fixed values were plotted against the percentage of simulations (obtained via probabilistic sensitivity analysis) identifying penicillin allergy testing as cost-saving. Sequential diagnostic workup corresponds to the performance of skin tests followed, if negative, by drug challenges. Direct diagnostic testing corresponds to the direct performance of drug challenges without prior skin tests (either in all patients or only in those reporting nonimmediate reactions). Abbreviation: US, United States.