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. 2021 Mar 15;28:20. doi: 10.1186/s12929-021-00711-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 9 — LPC impaired intestinal barrier function in vitro and in vivo. a Relative mRNA and b, c Protein expression of occludin and ZO-1 in colon tissues. GAPDH was used as a loading control. d The typical immunofluorescent images of colon tissues stained with ZO-1 (green), and occludin (red) in each group (Scale bar, 100 μm). e, f The typical images of colon tissue stained with AB/PAS and the number of goblet cells from two groups (Scale bar, 100 μm). g TEER of Caco-2 cells treated or not treated with LPC. (H) The mRNA level of ZO-1 and occludin in caco-2 cells treated with LPC of two groups. i, j The protein levels of ZO-1 and occludin in caco-2 cells treated with LPC of two groups. k The immunofluorescent images of Caco-2 cells with ZO-1 and occludin in each group (Z-axis and XY-axis). Data were shown as mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group). The data come from three independent experiments. In all panels: *p < 0.05. (AB/PAS alcian blue/periodic acid Schiff, TEER transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance)