Table 5. Comparison of the angular changing rate at the phase of BS and FS between EA and MA (unit: degrees/second).
| Variables | ANKLE | KNEE | HIP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BS | FS | BS | FS | BS | FS | |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
| X (EA) | 34.01 ± 11.80* | 30.98 ± 8.48* | 37.56 ± 10.15* | 25.06 ± 5.68* | 55.02 ± 19.10* | 72.26 ± 14.85 |
| X (MA) | 15.09 ± 4.98* | 21.81 ± 8.05* | 59.60 ± 11.30* | 31.44 ± 6.71* | 89.62 ± 8.79* | 77.66 ± 12.90 |
| Y (EA) | 23.74 ± 9.93* | 26.22 ± 4.61* | 15.89 ± 4.64* | 16.22 ± 5.23 | 33.84 ± 7.70* | 34.07 ± 9.74* |
| Y (MA) | 14.86 ± 2.08* | 13.70 ± 2.21* | 10.99 ± 3.33* | 16.50 ± 4.47 | 46.23 ± 8.57* | 46.70 ± 9.04* |
| Z (EA) | 55.99 ± 16.37 | 47.63 ± 13.89 | 31.03 ± 5.63 | 18.66 ± 8.91* | 10.46 ± 15.21* | 15.97 ± 11.52* |
| Z (MA) | 46.39 ± 7.50 | 43.07 ± 8.23 | 28.81 ± 4.93 | 25.73 ± 4.15* | 34.19 ± 3.32* | 35.53 ± 5.44* |
Notes:
*
A significant difference at the hip, knee, and ankle (respectively) (P < 0.05).
X, the sagittal plane; Y, the frontal plane; Z, the transverse plane. BE, backward-swing phase; FE, forward-swing phase; EA, elite athlete; MA, medium athlete.