Table 3.
Percent (SE) and millions (SE) of US adults with chronic kidney disease and blood pressure above the KDIGO 2021 and KDIGO 2012 guideline targets*, NHANES 2015–2018
| Characteristic | Weighted N, millions† | Blood pressure above 2021 KDIGO target % (SE) | Blood pressure above 2012 KDIGO target % (SE) | Difference between 2021 and 2012 KDIGO targets % (SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted N | 1281 | 930 | 1699 | |
| Overall | 35.3 (1.5) | 69.5 (1.7) | 49.8 (1.7) | 19.6 (1.0) |
| eGFR category (ml/min/1.73m2) | ||||
| ≥60‡ | 19.6 (0.7) | 67.7 (2.4) | 55.9 (2.6) | 11.8 (1.2) |
| 45–59 | 11.3 (0.6) | 68.0 (3.9) | 37.0 (3.5) | 31.0 (2.1) |
| 30–44 | 3.5 (0.3) | 76.4 (3.8) | 49.9 (4.7) | 26.5 (3.2) |
| 15–29 | 0.9 (0.2) | 93.4 (2.9) | 70.0 (8.5) | 23.4 (5.4) |
| ACR category (mg/g) | ||||
| <30† | 11.0 (0.6) | 67.7 (3.5) | 31.1 (3.1) | 36.7 (2.2) |
| 30–300 | 20.2 (0.6) | 68.6 (2.5) | 56.9 (2.5) | 11.7 (1.2) |
| >300 | 4.1 (0.4) | 78.6 (4.3) | 65.7 (5.0) | 12.9 (2.5) |
| Age category (years) | ||||
| 20–44 | 6.4 (0.5) | 47.7 (3.9) | 35.4 (4.2) | 12.3 (2.8) |
| 45–64 | 11.0 (0.7) | 67.2 (2.4) | 53.0 (3.2) | 14.2 (1.7) |
| ≥65 | 17.9 (0.6) | 78.6 (2.6) | 53.0 (2.4) | 25.5 (1.4) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 19.7 (0.7) | 67.4 (2.4) | 47.5 (2.2) | 19.9 (1.4) |
| Male | 15.6 (0.7) | 72.0 (2.5) | 52.7 (2.9) | 19.3 (1.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 23.5 (1.0) | 68.3 (2.2) | 47.7 (2.2) | 20.6 (1.6) |
| Mexican American | 2.7 (0.5) | 68.0 (4.0) | 49.3 (4.1) | 18.7 (2.8) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 4.1 (0.6) | 78.0 (2.3) | 59.5 (2.7) | 18.5 (2.2) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.8 (0.3) | 75.8 (4.6) | 59.9 (3.8) | 15.9 (3.2) |
| Other | 3.2 (0.3) | 64.9 (5.0) | 47.9 (4.2) | 17.0 (2.8) |
| Income-to-poverty ratio tertile | ||||
| Tertile 1 | 8.2 (0.5) | 72.7 (2.4) | 53.4 (3.0) | 19.3 (1.8) |
| Tertile 2 | 11.5 (0.5) | 73.4 (2.6) | 55.5 (3.2) | 17.9 (1.8) |
| Tertile 3 | 12.4 (1.0) | 61.1 (3.5) | 39.6 (3.9) | 21.4 (2.2) |
| Missing | 3.2 (0.4) | 79.0 (4.8) | 59.5 (4.8) | 19.5 (2.9) |
| Education | ||||
| <High school | 2.4 (0.3) | 79.0 (4.4) | 59.9 (4.3) | 19.0 (2.9) |
| High school degree | 13.3 (0.5) | 73.5 (2.2) | 54.1 (2.6) | 19.4 (1.7) |
| >High school degree | 19.5 (0.6) | 65.5 (2.5) | 45.6 (2.2) | 19.9 (1.5) |
| CKD awareness | ||||
| No | 31.2 (0.4) | 68.4 (1.9) | 49.3 (1.9) | 19.1 (1.1) |
| Yes | 4.0 (0.4) | 77.3 (4.3) | 53.1 (4.7) | 24.2 (2.7) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 24.3 (0.6) | 67.1 (2.3) | 46.2 (2.4) | 20.9 (1.3) |
| Yes | 11.0 (0.6) | 74.6 (2.5) | 57.9 (2.8) | 16.7 (1.7) |
| Number of antihypertensive medications | ||||
| 0 | 14.4 (0.6) | 61.8 (2.8) | 41.7 (3.4) | 20.2 (1.7) |
| 1 | 7.7 (0.7) | 70.4 (3.6) | 53.2 (3.6) | 17.2 (2.3) |
| 2 | 5.4 (0.3) | 82.1 (3.3) | 62.8 (3.9) | 19.3 (2.4) |
| ≥3 | 7.7 (0.5) | 74.0 (2.9) | 52.7 (2.9) | 21.2 (2.0) |
| Any ACEi or ARB | ||||
| No | 20.3 (0.5) | 67.6 (2.6) | 47.1 (3.0) | 20.5 (1.4) |
| Yes | 14.9 (0.5) | 72.0 (2.5) | 53.5 (2.8) | 18.5 (1.5) |
| 10-year predicted ASCVD risk | ||||
| <5% | 9.0 (0.5) | 44.5 (2.9) | 30.4 (3.3) | 14.1 (2.2) |
| 5–<10% | 4.3 (0.5) | 68.2 (5.6) | 53.8 (6.3) | 14.4 (3.5) |
| 10–<20% | 5.3 (0.4) | 73.4 (4.6) | 48.6 (5.0) | 24.8 (2.8) |
| ≥20% | 9.2 (0.5) | 86.3 (2.7) | 64.1 (3.1) | 22.2 (1.9) |
| Prevalent CVD | 7.4 (0.4) | 76.8 (3.5) | 54.3 (3.8) | 22.5 (2.0) |
| 5-year predicted kidney failure risk§ | ||||
| <2% | 31.9 (0.3) | 67.9 (1.9) | 48.5 (1.9) | 19.4 (1.1) |
| 2–<5% | 1.6 (0.2) | 83.1 (4.9) | 60.7 (5.6) | 22.4 (4.4) |
| ≥5% | 1.7 (0.2) | 85.7 (3.3) | 64.0 (5.7) | 21.7 (3.4) |
Abbreviations: SE, standard error. KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio. CKD, chronic kidney disease. ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. ARB, Angiotensin II-receptor blocker. ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. CVD, cardiovascular disease.
BP control by the 2021 KDIGO guideline: SBP <120 mmHg. BP control by the 2012 KDIGO guideline: ≤130/80 mmHg for those with albuminuria, ≤140/90 mmHg for those without albuminuria.
Based on 2018 US Census population estimates.
eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73m2 indicates individuals defined as having CKD based on the presence of albuminuria. ACR <30 mg/g indicates individuals defined as having CKD based on reduced eGFR without albuminuria.
Among those with eGFR 15–59 ml/min/1.73m2