Table 2.

Predicted Margins of Financial Hardship Measures after Multi-level, Multivariable Adjustment

	All Patients		No Low-Income Subsidies				Low-Income Subsidies
	Adherence (N=4,153)		Monthly Out-of-Pocket (N=3,353)		Total Out-of-Pocket (N=3,353)		Monthly Out-of-Pocket (N=800)		Total Out-of-Pocket (N=800)
	Margin, p-value		Margin, p-value		Margin, p-value		Margin, p-value		Margin, p-value
Age (years)
<70	76.4%	Ref	$779	Ref	$4,157	Ref	$34	Ref	$155	Ref
70–74	77.2%	0.69	$740	0.36	$3,972	0.13	$35	0.88	$141	0.74
75–79	77.2%	0.71	$762	0.69	$4,154	0.98	$28	0.53	$130	0.53
80–84	73.4%	0.15	$689	0.03	$3,539	<0.01	$69	0.02	$299	0.03
85+	68.8%	<0.01	$693	0.05	$3,494	<0.01	$57	0.10	$257	0.11
Race
White	75.2%	Ref	$747	Ref	$3,964	Ref	$61	Ref	$271	Ref
African American	73.9%	0.51	$625	<0.01	$3,289	<0.01	$27	<0.01	$112	<0.01
Hispanic	77.5%	0.60	$1,102	0.07	$5,380	<0.01	$13	<0.01	$59	<0.01
Missing	72.2%	0.35	$721	0.73	$3,591	0.15	$8	<0.01	$42	<0.01
Socioeconomic Status Tertile
Low	74.5%	Ref	$735	Ref	$3,935	Ref	$41	Ref	$199	Ref
Medium	75.9%	0.42	$764	0.40	$3,967	0.79	$39	0.80	$173	0.58
High	74.7%	0.91	$704	0.35	$3,764	0.15	$48	0.62	$175	0.64
Missing	73.7%	0.88	$779	0.65	$3,915	0.95	$16	0.11	$71	0.07
Low-Income Subsidy
No	76.3%	Ref	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Yes	69.4%	<0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
% African American		0.42		0.59		0.20		0.42		0.35
1 (0.3%)	74.3%		$727		$3,796		$47		$209
2 (1.7%)	74.4%		$728		$3,814		$46		$203
3 (3.5%)	74.6%		$731		$3,837		$44		$196
4 (7.4%)	74.9%		$735		$3,890		$41		$181
5 (18.7%)	75.9%		$749		$4,042		$33		$144
% Hispanic		0.01		<0.01		0.10		0.59		0.98
1 (0.4%)	76.6%		$703		$3,793		$38		$183
2 (0.8%)	76.5%		$706		$3,801		$38		$183
3 (1.7%)	76.2%		$712		$3,820		$39		$183
4 (3.8%)	75.6%		$726		$3,860		$40		$182
5 (10.8%)	73.6%		$775		$4,003		$43		$182
% Eligible for Medicaid		0.09		0.12		0.09		0.32		0.43
1 (8.0%)	73.2%		$763		$4,023		$55		$223
2 (10.5%)	73.8%		$751		$3,963		$50		$209
3 (12.7%)	74.4%		$741		$3,912		$47		$198
4 (14.9%)	74.9%		$731		$3,860		$44		$187
5 (20.4%)	76.2%		$706		$3,736		$36		$163
Average HCC Score		0.12		0.19		0.02		0.98		0.99
1 (0.86)	77.0%		$767		$4,127		$42		$183
2 (0.91)	76.2%		$753		$4,021		$41		$182
3 (0.95)	75.5%		$742		$3,938		$41		$182
4 (0.99)	74.9%		$731		$3,856		$41		$182
5 (1.05)	73.9%		$716		$3,737		$41		$182
% Prescriptions By Urologist		0.99		0.23		0.53		0.28		0.17
1 (0.0%)	74.9%		$716		$3,849		$49		$226
2 (7.7%)	75.0%		$727		$3,869		$44		$197
3 (14.3%)	75.0%		$735		$3,884		$41		$178
4 (21.6%)	75.0%		$743		$3,899		$37		$161
5 (40.0%)	75.0%		$763		$3,937		$30		$124

HCC, hierarchical condition category.

Outcome measures (adherence, monthly out-of-pocket payment, total out-of-pocket payment) were modeled over the first six months of treatment. Payment models (i.e. monthly out-of-pocket and total out-of-pocket) were modeled separately by low-income subsidy status. Models were constructed at the patient level, and included covariates for patient age, race, socioeconomic status at the zip code level, low-income subsidy status (adherence measure only), and geographic variables that characterize the different hospital-referral regions where patients reside. Characteristics of hospital-referral regions were based on all HRRs, except % urologists which was based on HRRs where at least one urologist wrote a prescription. HRR characteristics were modeled as continuous variables, but predictive margins were displayed for the median of each quintile. Significant findings (p<0.05) are bolded.