Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| Variable | Group/Values |
N (%) or M (SD) or Md [Min, Max] |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | Female | 390 (32.3%) |
| Male | 816 (67.7%) | |
| Age in years | M (SD) | 49.3 (18.9) |
| Md [Min, Max] | 50.0 [16.00, 93.00] | |
| Missing | 0 (0%) | |
| Education in years | M (SD) | 13.1 (3.84) |
| Md [Min, Max] | 13.0 [1.00, 30.00] | |
| Missing | 321 (26.6%) | |
| Employment status | Employed | 633 (52.5%) |
| Unemployed | 104 (8.6%) | |
| Other | 341 (28.3%) | |
| Missing | 128 (10.6%) | |
| Living status | Alone | 948 (78.6%) |
| Not alone | 255 (21.1%) | |
| Missing | 3 (0.2%) | |
| Geographical regions | Western Europe | 593 (49.2%) |
| Northern Europe | 306 (25.4%) | |
| Southern/Eastern Europe | 307 (25.5%) | |
| Premorbid somatic health status | Healthy | 632 (52.4%) |
| Mild disease | 417 (34.6%) | |
| Severe disease | 130 (10.8%) | |
| Missing | 27 (2.2%) | |
| Premorbid psychological problems | No | 968 (80.3%) |
| Yes | 198 (16.4%) | |
| Missing | 40 (3.3%) | |
| Injury cause | Road traffic accident | 550 (45.6%) |
| Fall | 455 (37.7%) | |
| Violent/other | 196 (16.3%) | |
| Missing | 5 (0.4%) | |
| Clinical care pathways | ER | 76 (6.3%) |
| ward | 271 (22.5%) | |
| ICU | 859 (71.2%) | |
| GOSE (6 months) | M (SD) | 4.66 (1.17) |
| Md [Min, Max] | 5.00 [3.00, 6.00] | |
| Missing | 0 (0%) | |
| TBI severity | Mild | 592 (49.1%) |
| Moderate | 141 (11.7%) | |
| Severe | 425 (35.2%) | |
| Missing | 48 (4.0%) | |
| Abnormalities on the first CT scan | Absent | 223 (18.5%) |
| Present | 750 (62.2%) | |
| Missing | 233 (19.3%) | |
| Brain Injury AIS | M (SD) | 3.82 (1.25) |
| Md [Min, Max] | 4.00 [1.00, 6.00] | |
| Missing | 19 (1.6%) | |
| Total ISS | M (SD) | 27.7 (16.2) |
| Md [Min, Max] | 25.0 [1.00, 75.0] | |
| Missing | 19 (1.6%) | |
| Total | 1206 (100%) |
Note. Percentages may contain rounding errors in the second decimal place. M = mean; SD = Standard deviation; Md = median; Min = minimum; Max = maximum; Employment status = employed (full-time employed, part-time employed, on sick leave, special/sheltered employment), unemployed (looking for work, unemployed, unable to work), other (retired, student/school-going, homemaker); Geographical regions = Western Europe (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, United Kingdom); Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden); Southern/Eastern Europe (Italy, Spain, Hungary, Romania, Serbia); Premorbid somatic health status is based on the ASA-PS classification; ER = emergency room; ward = admission to hospital ward; ICU = intensive care unit; CT = computed tomography; AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale; ISS = Injury Severity Score.