Table 2.
Impairment in the different outcome areas at three and six months after TBI.
| Outcome Type | Impairment | Three Months | Six Months | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Problems with activities of daily life | Not impaired | 283 (23.5%) | 361 (29.9%) | 0.01 |
| Impaired | 411 (34.1%) | 400 (33.2%) | ||
| Missing | 512 (42.5%) | 445 (36.9%) | ||
| Physical problems | Not impaired | 289 (24.0%) | 333 (27.6%) | 0.06 |
| Impaired | 506 (42.0%) | 480 (39.8%) | ||
| Missing | 411 (34.1%) | 393 (32.6%) | ||
| Cognition problems | Not impaired | 209 (17.3%) | 215 (17.8%) | 0.41 |
| Impaired | 498 (41.3%) | 567 (47.0%) | ||
| Missing | 499 (41.4%) | 424 (35.2%) | ||
| Speech and language problems | Not impaired | 579 (48.0%) | 607 (50.3%) | 0.49 |
| Impaired | 215 (17.8%) | 207 (17.2%) | ||
| Missing | 412 (34.2%) | 392 (32.5%) | ||
| Psychological problems | Not impaired | 411 (34.1%) | 454 (37.6%) | 0.70 |
| Impaired | 277 (23.0%) | 292 (24.2%) | ||
| Missing | 518 (43.0%) | 460 (38.1%) |
Note. Percentages may contain rounding errors in the second decimal place. N = number of observations; % = percentage; Problems with activities of daily life (QOLIBRI scale Daily Life and Autonomy, score > 60); Physical problems (problems with mobility/walking, problems with moving arms and hands); Cognition problems (RPQ: ‘Forgetfulness, poor memory’ or ‘Poor concentration’, or ‘Taking longer to think’; score ≥ 2); Speech/language problems (problems with speaking or understanding others); Psychological problems (one of the following outcomes considered impaired according to the respective cut-off scores: PTSD: PCL-5 score ≥ 33; Depression: PHQ-9 score ≥ 10; Anxiety: GAD-7 score ≥ 10); p = p-values are obtained from the chi-square tests and are significant at <1% (Bonferroni-adjusted alpha level for multiple comparisons: 0.05/5).