TABLE 1.
Summary of most highly transcribed genes involved in starch metabolism in developing and germinated barley grain.
| Grain | Function | Gene annotation* | HORVU identifier | Max. TPM (time) | Tissue** |
| Developing | Synthesis | AGP-L1 | HORVU1Hr1G091600 | 4,608 (10 DPA) | Embryo/Endosperm |
| AGP-S2 | HORVU5Hr1G054210 | 896 (10 DPA) | Embryo/Endosperm | ||
| SBE1 | HORVU0Hr1G022810 | 2,747 (14 DPA) | Endosperm | ||
| SBE2a | HORVU2Hr1G072500 | 1,382 (10 DPA) | Embryo/Endosperm | ||
| SBE2b | HORVU2Hr1G077120 | 1,599 (10 DPA) | Embryo/Endosperm | ||
| GBSS1a | HORVU7Hr1G012380 | 816 (10 DPA) | Embryo/Endosperm | ||
| GBSS1b | HORVU2Hr1G090980 | 244 (34 DPA) | Embryo | ||
| SS1 | HORVU7Hr1G025390 | 828 (10 DPA) | Embryo/Endosperm | ||
| SS2a | HORVU7Hr1G038420 | 654 (10 DPA) | Embryo/Endosperm | ||
| ISA1 | HORVU7Hr1G051750 | 300 (10 DPA) | Embryo/Endosperm | ||
| GWD1 | HORVU7Hr1G048330 | 118 (26 DPA) | Embryo | ||
| Degradation | AGL3 | HORVU1Hr1G057330 | 382 (18 DPA) | Embryo | |
| Bmy1 | HORVU4Hr1G089510 | 8,394 (18 DPA) | Endosperm | ||
| PHO2 | HORVU3Hr1G085380 | 181 (18 DPA) | Embryo | ||
| PHO3 | HORVU3Hr1G085420 | 340 (18 DPA) | Embryo | ||
| Modification | DPE2 | HORVU2Hr1G021700 | 179 (18 DPA) | Embryo | |
| Germinated | Synthesis | AGP-L1 | HORVU1Hr1G091600 | 471 (96 h) | Scutellum |
| AGP-S2 | HORVU5Hr1G054210 | 116 (0 h | Aleurone al1 | ||
| 311 (96 h) | Scutellum | ||||
| ISA3 | HORVU5Hr1G070160 | 420 (96 h) | Scutellum | ||
| SBE2a | HORVU2Hr1G072500 | 306 (96 h) | Scutellum | ||
| SS1 | HORVU7Hr1G025390 | 316 (96 h) | Scutellum | ||
| 102 (24 h) | Aleurone al2 | ||||
| GBSS1b | HORVU2Hr1G090980 | 119 (96 h) | Scutellum | ||
| Degradation | AGL1 | HORVU7Hr1G106540 | 2,201 (72 h) | Aleurone al1 | |
| 1,619 (48 h) | Scutellum | ||||
| Amy1_2 | HORVU6Hr1G080790 | 19,960 (72 h) | Aleurone al1 | ||
| 3,099 (72 h) | Scutellum | ||||
| Amy2_3 | HORVU7Hr1G091250 | 3,526 (72 h) | Aleurone al1 | ||
| Bmy1 | HORVU4Hr1G089510 | 610 (24 h) | Aleurone al3 | ||
| Bm | HORVU4Hr1G084390 | 460 (0 h) | Scutellum | ||
| LD | HORVU7Hr1G027860 | 6,408 (72 h) | Aleurone al1 | ||
∗AGP-S,ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit; AGP-L,ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit; SBE, starch branching enzyme; GBSS, granule-bound starch synthase; SS, solublestarch synthase; AGL, α-glucosidase; Bmy,β-amylase; PHO, starch pyrophosphorylase; DPE, disproportionating enzyme; GWD, glucan water dikinase; ISA, isoamylase; Amy, α-amylase; LD, limit dextrinase. ∗∗As noted above for developing grain, at 10 DPA internal grain contents (embryo plus endosperm) were collected separately from external maternal tissues. From 14-38 DPA, the embryo was manually dissected from the grain and the remaining endosperm/maternal tissues were collected together (designated ‘Endosperm’ in the table above).