Table 2.
Ovarian Tumor Markers and Their Changes During Pregnancy
| Histological Type of Ovarian Tumor | Tumor Marker | Normal Range | Changes in Pregnancy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epithelial tumor | CA 125 | ≤35 U mL−1 | Increased in 1st trimester, then decreases |
| CEA | ≤5 ng mL−1 | Not influenced by pregnancy | |
| He 4 | ≤70 U mL−1 | Lower levels in pregnant women, mildly increased values in 3rd trimester | |
| Mucinous tumor | CA 19.9 | ≤37 U mL−1 | Mildly increases with increasing gestational age; never exceeds normal range |
| Mucinous carcinoma | Inhibin A | ≤17.3 pg mL−1 | Increased values in 1st trimester; abnormally increased in Down Syndrome |
| Granulosa cell tumor | |||
| Inhibin B | ≤255 pg mL−1 | Not influenced by pregnancy | |
| Germ cell tumors | b-HCG | ≤0.5 mlU mL−1 | Physiologically increased in pregnancy |
| AFP | ≤10 ng mL−1 | Physiologically increased in pregnancy; abnormally increased in neural tube defects; decreased in Down Syndrome | |
| Dysgerminoma | LDH | ≤250 U mL−1 | Increased in severe preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome |
Note: Based on the data published by Cavaco-Gomes et al.13