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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Plant J. 2020 Jul 11;104(1):113–123. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14908

Figure 8: Schematic model for the COP1-PIF-HEC module regulating light signaling.

Figure 8:

PIF1, COP1, SPA1 and HEC2 directly interact with each other to form a complex. During photomorphogenesis, HECs are a group of positive regulators that are targeted by COP1 Ubiquitin E3 ligase for degradation in the dark. PIF1 promotes COP1-mediated ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation of HEC2 through the 26S proteasome pathway. HECs also antagonize PIF activity to promote plant photomorphogenesis.