Table 1.
Selected parameters characteristics for porcine coronaviruses.
| Species | Year of emergence (new-emergence) | Mortality in newborn piglets | Pathogenicity for other species | Seroconversion | Humoral immunity duration | Clinical symptoms | Tissue tropism | Vaccine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TGEV | 1946 | Almost 100% | Not reported | 6–7 dpi | Several months | Anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, lethargy | Digestive system (intestinal epithelial cells) | Available (prosystem® tge/rota; prosystem® trec) |
| PEDV | 1971 reemerged in 2010 | Up to 100%, depending on the strain | Not reported | 10 dpi | Up to 16 weeks or more | Anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, lethargy | Digestive system (intestinal epithelial cells) | Live, inactivated and subunit developed in China, Japan, Korea, US (not sufficient to control PEDV outbreaks) |
| PDCoV | 2014 initially detected in 2009 | Up to 40% | Cattle, poultry | 5–7 dpi | Six months | Anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, lethargy | Digestive system (intestinal epithelial cells) | No |
| SADS-CoV | 2017 | Up to 5th day of life 90–100%; above the 8th day of life—5% | Not reported | Unknown | Unknown | Anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, lethargy | Digestive system (intestinal epithelial cells) | No |
| PRCV | 1984 | Negligible | Not reported | Around 6 dpi | Around 1 month | Dyspnea, tachypnea, sneezing, coughing, fever, anorexia and delayed growth | Respiratory tract (epithelial cells), tonsil, lung, limited intestinal replication | No |
| PHEV | 1957 | Up to 100% | Not reported | 6–7 dpi | 4–18 weeks | Anorexia, constipation, vomiting, wasting, incoordination, ataxia, stiffness, hyperesthesia, posterior paralysis, respiratory distress | Central nervous system | No |