Figure 3.

Characteristics associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in tuberculosis patients.

Two logistic regression models (LASSO regression and mixed effects) were performed to evaluate the independent associations between clinical characteristics of tuberculosis patients and antitubercular treatment unfavorable outcomes (failure, death, and lostto follow-up) in either RePORT (left panel) or SINAN (right panel; where the CI are present, but narrow due to the large sample size). Optimal parameters were found by a cross-validation step, which was repeated 100 times to stabilize the results (Supplementary Table 2 for RePORT and/or Supplementary Table 3 for SINAN) and were included in the adjusted models.

Adjusted model 1: LASSO regression using a cross-validation step.

Adjusted model 2: The mixed effects model, including the variables “Brazilian states” as a random effect.

In addition to the p-value, the second-generation p-value (pδ-value) and the delta-gap (Δ) (when applicable) are shown. See the Supplemental Figure 2 for the interpretation of the pδ-value.

Abbreviations: Δ = delta-gap, pδ-value: second-generation p-value, RePORT: Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis, SINAN: Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, and TB: Tuberculosis.