Table 2.

Model Center vs. Other Centers Median Chest Tube Duration in Hours by Operation Type

Operation	Model Center	Other Centers	P value	aRelative difference (%)
Ventricular septal defect repair	20.8 [17.3, 27.6]	71.1 [49, 95.6]	<0.001	70.7
Off-bypass coarctation repair	22.2 [19.1, 42.9]	67.4 [48.2, 81]	<0.001	67.1
Tetralogy of Fallot repair	20.8 [16.7, 44.4]	111 [70.9, 140]	<0.001	81.3
Bidirectional Glenn/HemiFontan	41.3 [19.6, 51.1]	89.9 [66.8, 114]	<0.001	54.0
Fontan operation	119 [92.5, 185]	165 [119, 214]	0.035	27.9
Arterial switch operation	30.8 [20, 44]	115 [81.4, 144]	<0.001	73.2
Complete atrioventricular canal repair	21.7 [19.6, 43.8]	89.5 [68.8, 120]	<0.001	75.8
Arterial switch operation and ventricular septal defect repair	19.7 [18, 22.5]	151 [107, 188]	0.002	87.0
Truncus arteriosus repair	38.2 [23.1, 71.8]	161 [113, 254]	0.002	76.3
Norwood operation	21.1[19.8, 45.4]	168 [116, 234]	<0.001	87.4

All values are expressed as median [Q1, Q3].

^aRelative difference between the model center median chest tube duration vs. other center median chest tube duration.

For instance, in ventricular septal defect repair the median times were 20.8 hours (model) and 71.1 hours (other), resulting in a [(71.1 – 20.8)/71.1] = 70.7% shorter duration at the model center.