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| Maneuver | Sex | α for control | α for achalasia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Supine | F | 2.1 ± 2 | 1.9 ± 2 |
| M | 2.6 ± 3 | 1.5 ± 1 * (p = 0.03) | |
| Standing up | F | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 3 * (p = 0.04) |
| M | 1.3 ± 1 | 1.4 ± 1 | |
| Rhythmic breathing (0.1 Hz) | F | 2.2 ± 1 | 2.1 ± 1 |
| M | 1.5 ± 1 | 1.7 ± 1 |
* indicates statistically significant difference with respect to control (p value <0.05).
