Figure 3.

T-cell receptor (TCR) clonal diversity. Change in TCR clonal diversity during treatment. TCR-beta sequencing was assessed using the Adaptive Biotechnologies immunoSEQ (version 4) assay using DNA from peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells gathered before and at the first post-baseline timepoint (6–9 weeks after treatment initiation). The Simpson index (a measure of TCR clonal diversity) remained mostly stable indicating no change in the TCR diversity. All patients had lower diversity than healthy individuals (range for healthy indicated by blue area in the log scale plot; ref. 21). Patients who had extremely low diversity (Simpson above 0.005) and did not increase diversity upon treatment, were consistently nonresponders.