Fig. 3.

Marginal IRRs for active PTB in each (A) age group, (B) period, and (C) cohort group in relation to the overall geometric mean incidence rate of all groupings given by the intrinsic estimator per model [1]. Estimation was conducted separately for men (blue) and women (red). Colored solid lines and the surrounding shaded areas represent estimated effects and 95% CIs, while dashed lines in C represent counterfactual cohort effects in the absence of famine predicted by smoothing splines. In C, the black vertical lines indicate the midpoint of the F1 and F2 cohorts.