Figure 3.

A 33-year-old woman with a WHO grade II astrocytoma located in the left cortico-subcortical region of the superior frontal gyrus. Surgical resection was performed through fluorescein-guided microsurgical technique guided by intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and by functional MRI (fMRI)/tractography-integrated neuro-navigation system. Pre-operative symptoms included motor partial seizure affecting the right leg, followed by a generalized seizure. The patient post-operatively developed a transient mild weakness in the right leg. Preoperative axial and coronal T2-weighted MR images (A), post-operative axial T1-weighted post-gadolinium and coronal T2-weighted MR images (B), fMRI with blood oxygen level-dependent response in the left paracentral lobule evoked during voluntary movement of the right foot overlaid on sagittal T1-weighted MR images (C), and 3D relationship between the tumor and frontal aslant tract tractography reconstruction (D).