Fig 3.

Evaluation based on intraoperative electrophysiology: corticospinal tract depiction in axial, coronal, and sagittal (A–C) planes. A, Red dot indicates post hoc simulation of the intraoperative position of the test electrode in the planning software (Framelink 5.0; Medtronic Surgical Navigation) according to microTargeting Drive settings. In this example, 5 mA of intraoperative stimulation resulted in “gaze palsy” as capsular effect. The shortest spatial distance to the medial CST border of 5.5 mm is indicated with a blue circle. Both coordinates (electrode tip, medial border of CST) were recorded and later plotted (Fig 4). Note that the CST is located posterior and lateral relative to the positon of the electrode (A).