Table 1. Characteristics of study participants (n = 522).
| Symptomatic patients(n = 304, 58.2%) | Asymptomatic patients (n = 218, 41.8%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prison officers(n = 139, 26.6%) | Health workers(n = 39, 7.5%) | Contacts(n = 40, 7.7%) | ||
| Charateristics | Mean ± SD / Prevalence % (95% CI) | |||
| Mean age, years, mean ± SD | 42.5 ± 15.3 | 32.7 ± 6.8 | 33.0 ± 9.0 | 37.3 ± 13.8 |
| Women (n = 217) | 53.6 (48.0 to 59.2) | 5.8 (1.9to 9.6) | 76.9 (63.7 to 90.1) | 40.0 (24.8 to 55.2) |
| Current smoker (n = 149) | 34.8 (28.9 to 40.8) | 37.3 (27.5to 47.2) | 22.6 (6.7 to 38.5) | 27.5 (12.3 to 42.7) |
| Medications | ||||
| ARBs (n = 37) | 9.0 (6.1 to 11.9) | – | 10.1 (0.0 to 21.6) | 17.0 (5.3 to 28.7) |
| ACE inhibitors (n = 14) | 4.0 (1.9 to 6.1) | – | 6.1 (0.0 to 17.0) | – |
| NSAIDs (n = 16) | 3.1 (1.6 to 4.5) | – | – | – |
| Oral steroids (n = 5) | 1.3 (0.0 to 2.6) | – | – | 2.6 (0.0 to 7.7) |
| Inhalator steroids (n = 16) | 4.8 (2.5to 7.0) | – | – | 3.7 (0.0 to 10.6) |
| Chronic diseases | ||||
| High blood pressure (n = 76) | 15.4 (12.1 to 18.7) | 9.8 (28.8to 16.8) | 17.8 (5.5 to 30.1) | 13.7 (4.1 to 23.2) |
| Diabetes (n = 31) | 8.4 (5.6 to 11.1) | – | 5.9 (0.0 to 16.0) | 7.1 (0.0 to 15.8) |
| Asthma or COPD (n = 33) | 8.7 (5.6 to 11.8) | 1.0 (0.0 to 3.1) | – | 5.3 (0.0 to 12.4) |
| Cardiovascular disease (n = 9) | 1.7 (0.7 to 2.7) | – | – | – |
| Cancer (n = 6) | 1.1 (0.2 to 2.1) | – | – | – |
| Prevalence RT-PCR positive (n = 100) | 27.5 (22.1 to 32.8) | 7.9 (3.4 to 12.3) | 8.8 (0.0 to 18.4) | 7.5 (0.0 to 15.6) |
| Prevalence of IgM(+) or IgG (+) ever (n = 70) | 18.5 (14.1 to 23.0) | 4.4 (0.5 to 8.2) | 3.2 (0.0 to 9.4) | 7.8 (0.0 to 16.2) |
| IgM (+) or IgG (+) by days of initial symptomsa: | ||||
| Baseline (median: 3 days; [0–21]) (n = 25) | 5.7 (3.1 to 8.3) | 3.3 (0.0 to 6.8) | 3.9 (0.0 to 11.3) | 2.7 (0.0 to 7.7) |
| Follow-up 1 (median: 11 days; [6–24]) (n = 7)b | 1.9 (0.0 to 3.9) | 1.0 (0.0 to 3.1) | 2.5 (0.0 to 7.7) | 3.0 (0.0 to 8.9) |
| Follow-up 2 (median: 19 days [12–33]) (n = 48)c | 18.0 (13.3 to 22.6) | – | – | 5.6 (0.0 to 13.2) |
| Initial symptoms profile (only symtpomatic patients) | ||||
| Symptoms | Prevalence % ( 95% CI ) | Symptoms | Prevalence % ( 95% CI ) | |
| Cephalea (n = 202) | 66.9 (61.7 to 72.1) | Fatigue (n = 49) | 16.2 (12.1 to 20.4) | |
| Dry cough (n = 141) | 46.7 (41.1 to 52.3) | Productive cough (n = 44) | 14.6 (10.7 to 18.5) | |
| Sore throat (n = 137) | 45.4 (39.8 to 50.9) | Fever (n = 44) | 14.6 (10.6 to 18.5) | |
| Myalgia (n = 128) | 42.4 (36.8 to 47.9) | Nasal congestion (n = 42) | 13.9 (10.0 to 17.8) | |
| Feverish sensation (n = 83) | 27.5 (22.5 to 32.5) | Chest pain (n = 40) | 13.2 (9.4 to 17.0) | |
| Diarrhoea (n = 57) | 18.9 (14.5 to 23.2) | Anosmia (n = 30) | 9.9 (6.6 to 13.3) | |
| Disnea (n = 53) | 17.5 (13.4 to 21.7) | Dysgeusia (n = 22) | 7.3 (4.4 to 10.2) |
aPrevalence data are adjusted by age, and sex using logistic regression. Age mean data are adjusted by sex using linear regression. bFollow-up 1: follow-up in first time period n = 381. bfollow-up 2: follow-up in second time period n = 447. ARBs = angiotensin receptor blockers; ACE = angiotensin-converting-enzyme; NSAIDs = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; RT-PCR = reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; IgM = immunoglobulin M; IgG = immunoglobulin G