Table 1.
Characteristic of the cirrhotic patients.
| Variable | Stable cirrhosis (n = 29) | Acute decompensation (n = 39) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 58.72 ± 7.49 | 56.31 ± 11.59 | 0.301 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 23 (79.3) | 27 (69.2) | 0.351 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 11 (37.9) | 15 (38.5) | 0.964 |
| Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%) | |||
| Alcohol | 15 (51.7) | 15 (38.5) | 0.309 |
| Hepatitis C | 2 (6.9) | 8 (20.5) | 0.232 |
| Hepatitis B | 1 (3.5) | 1 (2.6) | 0.611 |
| Alcohol and viral | 2 (6.9) | 3 (7.7) | 0.640 |
| NASH | 3 (10.3) | 7 (17.9) | 0.498 |
| Cryptogenic | 2 (6.9) | 3 (7.7) | 0.640 |
| Others† | 4 (13.8) | 2 (5.1) | 0.390 |
| Laboratorial and clinical features | |||
| Leukocyte/mm3, median (range) | 6100 (2620–10,530) | 5120 (1010–14,510) | 0.687 |
| Lymphocytes/mm3, median (range) | 1328 (480–3970) | 840 (161–2250) | 0.001 |
| RBC million/mm3, mean ± SD | 4.57 ± 0.49 | 3.24 ± 0.65 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), median (range) | 14.6 (7.6–17.5) | 9.5 (6.3–15.0) | < 0.001 |
| Hematocrit (%), median (range) | 42.7 (27.8–51.9) | 28.3 (20.0–43.3) | < 0.001 |
| Platelets/mm3, median (range) | 104,000 (37,000–234,000) | 68,000 (18,000–259,000) | 0.070 |
| Sodium (mEq/L), mean ± SD | 138.4 ± 3.0 | 136.6 ± 5.3 | 0.086 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL), median (range) | 0.88 (0.62–2.08) | 1.15 (0.55–6.19) | 0.001 |
| INR, median (range) | 1.11 (0.96–1.64) | 1.44 (1.04–2.58) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL), median (range) | 3.81 ± 0.42 | 2.88 ± 0.68 | < 0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L), median (range) | 3.20 (0.50–22.70) | 21.90 (3.2–172.90) | < 0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL), median (range) | 1.00 (0.30–5.50) | 2.10 (0.20–8.90) | 0.006 |
| Lactate (mmol/L), median (range) | 1.20 (0.40–3.20) | 1.65 (0.80–4.90) | 0.003 |
| AST (IU/L), median (range) | 33.00 (16.00–143.00) | 46.00 (15.00–260.00) | 0.052 |
| ALT (IU/L), median (range) | 34.00 (16.00–133.00) | 32.00 (8.00–165.00) | 0.378 |
| GGT (IU/L), median (range) | 80.50 (30.00–1165.00) | 107.00 (18.00–536.00) | 0.391 |
| Child–Pugh, median (range) | 5 (5–8) | 9 (6–14) | < 0.001 |
| Child–Pugh A, n (%) | 26 (89.7) | 4 (10.3) | < 0.001 |
| Child–Pugh B, n (%) | 3 (10.3) | 19 (48.7) | 0.001 |
| Child–Pugh C, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (41.0) | < 0.001 |
| MELD, median (range) | 9 (7–19) | 16 (8–31) | < 0.001 |
| MELD < 9, n (%) | 19 (65.5) | 3 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
| MELD 10–19, n (%) | 10 (34.5) | 27 (69.2) | 0.004 |
| MELD 20–29, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (23.1) | 0.008 |
| Ascites, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (66.7) | < 0.001 |
| Grade I, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (30.8) | 0.001 |
| Grade II e III, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (35.9) | < 0.001 |
| HE, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (48.7) | < 0.001 |
| Grade I, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (20.5) | 0.017 |
| Grade II e III, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (28.2) | 0.002 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (43.6) | < 0.001 |
| ACLF, n (%) | – | 8 (20.5) | – |
| Grade 1, n (%) | – | 7 (17.9) | – |
| Grade 2, n (%) | – | 1 (2.6) | – |
| SBP, n (%) | – | 4 (10.3) | – |
AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, CRP C-reactive protein, GGT Gamma-glutamyl transferase, HE Hepatic encephalopathy, INR International normalized ratio, MELD Model for end-stage liver disease, RBC Red blood cells, SPB Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. NASH Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
†Other etiologic factors included hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, and secondary biliary cirrhosis.