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. 2021 Mar 15;12:1672. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21819-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Normalized histogram of the resolution of all indexed hits of the pump–probe (orange) and single-pulse reference (blue) data set. The median resolution of all indexed hits is 3.3 Å in the pump–probe case and 3.0 Å for the single-pulse reference data. b Diffraction resolution of the pump–probe (orange) and the single-pulse (blue) data set as a function of probe pulse energy. Indexed haemoglobin diffraction patterns were binned according to the probe pulse energy measured by the X-ray sensitive photo diode masked with an Fe foil of same thickness as the Fe filter in front of the CSPAD detector. The median resolution of all indexed diffraction images contained in one probe pulse energy bin is plotted. The error bars correspond to the error of the mean per bin. The number next to each data point indicates the number of indexed diffraction patterns within a given bin. For all probe pulse energies, the resolution of the pump–probe data is consistently lower than the resolution of the single-pulse reference data, indicating that the observed effect is not caused by a difference in changing probe pulse energy conditions between the two data sets (Supplementary Fig. 4). Equalization of probe pulse energy distributions (Supplementary Methods) between the two data sets leads to the same conclusion (Supplementary Fig. 5). The resolution limit (a, b) corresponds to the highest resolution value of an indexed diffraction peak with a signal-to-noise ratio of I/σ(I) ≥ 4.