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. 2021 Mar 15;9:17. doi: 10.1038/s41413-021-00141-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Regulatory effect of monocytes/macrophages on MSCs. a Flow chat of the experimental procedures. Conditioned mediums of ABM- and LBM-derived monocytes/macrophages were supplemented into the MSCs culture, respectively. b Proliferation assay of MSCs at 1d, 3d, and 5d by CCK8. c, d Colony formation of MSCs at 14 days via crystal violet staining and quantitative analyses. e, f Effects of macrophage-conditioned medium on the migration of MSCs. Scale bar, 200 μm. g, h ALP staining and ALP activity measurement of MSCs after induction for 7 days. i, j ARS staining and quantitative analyses after 21 days induction. k RT-qPCR results for the osteogenesis-related genes after 7 days induction. l, m Oil red O staining and quantitative analyses of MSCs. Scale bar, 50 μm. n RT-qPCR results for the adipogenesis-related genes after 21 days induction