Table 3.

Multiple regression analysis results

	Dependent variables	Habitual SB (mean: 22.41, range: 6–30, Cronbach’s α=0.860)					Addictive SB (mean: 65.72, range: 26–130, Cronbach’s α=0.946)
Independent variables		Nonstandardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients	t value	Sig.	Nonstandardized coefficients	Standardized coefficients		t value	Sig.
		B	SE	β			B	SE	β
(Constant)		11.945	0.822	-	14.531	<0.000‡	43.073	3.872		11.125	<0.000‡
App category
SNS/chatting		0.548	0.110	0.150	4.983	<0.000‡	1.500	0.518	0.094	2.895	<0.004†
Games		0.235	0.087	0.077	2.712	<0.007†	3.153	0.408	0.235	7.719	<0.000‡
Entertainment		0.706	0.129	0.178	5.493	<0.000‡	1.810	0.605	0.104	2.991	0.003†
Web		0.709	0.146	0.158	4.868	<0.000‡	-0.426	0.686	-0.022	-0.621	0.535
Lifestyle		0.556	0.135	0.132	4.128	<0.000‡	-0.727	0.635	-0.039	-1.145	0.252
Shopping		0.027	0.125	0.007	0.217	0.829	3.165	0.589	0.186	5.369	<0.000‡
Sleep duration		-0.002	0.001	-0.038	-1.442	0.150	-0.017	0.006	-0.083	-2.919	0.004†
Weekly usage frequency		0.002	0.001	0.082	3.041	0.002†	0.003	0.004	0.024	0.814	0.416
Average weekend smartphone usage time		0.002	0.001	0.088	2.169	0.030*	0.007	0.003	0.090	2.072	0.039*
Average weekday smartphone usage time		0.000	0.001	0.000	-0.001	0.999	0.000	0.003	0.001	0.026	0.979
Sex (0:male, 1:female)		0.662	0.230	0.080	2.885	0.004†	-1.657	1.082	-0.046	-1.532	0.126
Age		0.117	0.107	0.032	1.093	0.275	0.790	0.502	0.049	1.573	0.116

Habitual SB: R² (adjusted R²)=0.294 (0.286), F change=35.601, significance of F change≤0.001. Addictive SB: R² (adjusted R²)=0.185 (0.176), F change=19.450, significance of F change≤0.001.

^*p<0.05,

^†p<0.01,

^‡p<0.001.

Duration unit: minute. SE: standard error