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. 2021 Mar 2;11:598128. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598128

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Copyright © 2021 Vatsalya, Li, Frimodig, Gala, Srivastava, Kong, Ramchandani, Feng, Zhang and McClain.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PRIMARY: A dose titration by disease and proinflammatory Th17 status model of thiamine administration with parallel representation of Th17 proinflammatory response in various groups including healthy volunteers and disease groups with pro-inflammatory response. (A) Linear regression model is predictive for the relation between the low dose thiamine (Vit B1) range vs. low IL-17 ranges based on known observed pairs from different patients; lower range of vit B1 dose (79 mg/daily) corresponding to lower range of IL-17 (15 ng/ml) in the COVID-19 patients. Dark grey shade depicts higher IL-17 response and lighter grey shade shows lower IL-17 response in various proinflammatory conditions. (B) Linear regression shows the predictive model for the relation between a higher range of Vit B1 dose vs. a higher range of IL-17 levels, derived from the known observed pairs from different patients; higher range of Vit B1 dose (474 mg/daily) corresponding to higher range of IL-17 (40 ng/ml) reported in COVID-19 patients. High Range Thiamine Dose: Left Y-axis (primary). Low Range Thiamine Dose, Low Range IL-17 levels, and High range IL-17 levels: Right Y-axis (Secondary).