TABLE 2.

Possible side effects associated with metal NPs.

Type of NPs	Animal models	Effects	References
Carbon black	Female pregnant mice	Impairs neurons development on infants and causes irreversible brain damage on mother	Zhang et al., 2019
ZnO	Male Wistar rats	Impairs neuronal mitochondria functions by ROS production	Liu et al., 2020a
	Swiss albino mice	Induces motor defects	Yaqub et al., 2020
Aluminum oxide	Male Wistar rats	Increases inflammatory responses and oxidative stress	Liu et al., 2020b
IO	Mice	Impairs motor and behavioral functions	Manickam et al., 2019
TiO2	Mice	Damages dopaminergic neurons	Heidari et al., 2019
CuO	Mice	Reduces motor, behavioral, and locomotor activities	Ouni et al., 2020
Ag	Rats	Induces myelin sheath damage due to ROS	Da̧browska-Bouta et al., 2019

ZnO, zinc oxide; IO, iron oxide; TiO₂, titanium oxide; CuO, copper oxide; Ag, silver; ROS, reactive oxygen species.