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. 2021 Mar 2;15:643871. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643871

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Copyright © 2021 Luppi, Spindler, Menon and Stamatakis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic of neural inertia. As anaesthetic dose is increased, responsiveness is diminished. However, the dose at which a certain proportion of responses is observed is not the same for induction (downward arrow, in red) and emergence (upward arrow, in blue), indicating path-dependence (hysteresis). Between the two curves, subjects may be awake or anaesthetised, depending on whether the drug concentration is being increased or decreased. The wider the gap between the two curves, the greater the hysteresis.